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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2023-3-95-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2036</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Parkinson’s disease. Focus on early stages</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Паркинсона. Фокус на ранние стадии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-486X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катунина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katunina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Катунина - кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики РИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; отдел нейродегенеративных заболеваний ФМНЦ.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Anatolyevna Katunina  - Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics N.I. Pirogov RNRMU; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases FCBN.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanovа St., Build 10, Moscow 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elkatunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-7266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49; 420061, Казань, ул. Николая Ершова, 65</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49, Butlerovа St., Kazan 420012; 65, Nikolayа Ershovа St., Kazan 420061</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-6278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Похабов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokhabov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней с курсом ПО КГМУ им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого;  центр инновационной неврологии, экстрапирамидных заболеваний и ботулинотерапии СибНКЦ.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1; 660037, Красноярск, ул. Коломенская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk SMU; Center of innovative neurology, extrapyramidal diseases and botulinum therapy, FSR CC, FMBA of Russia.</p><p>1, Partisanа Zheleznyakа St., Krasnoyarsk 660022; 26, Kolomenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660037</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-0413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики РИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; отдел нейродегенеративных заболеваний ФМНЦ.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics N.I. Pirogov RNRMU; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases FCBN.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanovа St., Build 10, Moscow 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-9345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики РИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; отдел нейродегенеративных заболеваний ФМНЦ.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics N.I. Pirogov RNRMU; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases FCBN.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanovа St., Build 10, Moscow 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavadenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова»; ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; Консультативно-диагностический центр экстрапирамидной патологии и ботулинотерапии Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The conflict of interest has not affected the results of the investigation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России; ФГБУЗ «Федеральный Сибирский научно-клинический центр» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Siberian Research Clinical Center, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Katunina E.A., Zalyalova Z.A., Pokhabov D.V., Ivanova M.Z., Semenova A.M., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Катунина Е.А., Залялова З.А., Похабов Д.В., Иванова М.З., Семенова А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Katunina E.A., Zalyalova Z.A., Pokhabov D.V., Ivanova M.Z., Semenova A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2036">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2036</self-uri><abstract><p>The review presents current data on the peculiarities of the neurodegenerative process in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and considers the hypothesis of the presence of body-first and brain-first subtypes of the disease onset. The earliest manifestations of the disease include symptoms such as parasomnia, constipation, hyposmia, anxiety-depressive disorder, daytime sleepiness, color perception changes, cognitive dysfunction, and mild motor manifestations. The diagnosis of PD can be made when characteristic motor manifestations occur: hypokinesia, rest tremor, muscle rigidity. Substantia nigra ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging in SWI mode, and functional neuroimaging methods are used as confirmatory methods. The approach to the treatment of early stages of PD is age dependent. Patients over 70 years of age are recommended to start therapy with levodopa; younger patients – with dopamine receptor agonists (ADR), amantadines, MAO-B inhibitors. The mechanisms of ADR action, the possibility of their influence on the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD are analyzed. A special place is given to piribedil, which, due to the dual mechanism of action, has a positive effect on cognitive functions, depression, apathy, as well as a minimal effect on daytime sleepiness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлены современные данные об особенностях развития нейродегенеративного процесса на ранних стадиях болезни Паркинсона (БП), рассмотрена гипотеза о наличии body-first и brain-first подтипов дебюта заболевания. К наиболее ранним проявлениям болезни относятся такие симптомы, как парасомнии, запоры, гипосмия, тревожно-депрессивное расстройство, дневная сонливость, изменение цветовосприятия, когнитивная дисфункция, легкие моторные проявления. Диагноз БП может быть поставлен при возникновении характерных двигательных проявлений: гипокинезии, тремора покоя, мышечной ригидности. В качестве подтверждающих методик используются ультразвуковое исследование черной субстанции, магнитно-резонансная томография в режиме SWI, а также методы функциональной нейровизуализации. Подход к лечению ранних стадий БП носит возраст-зависимый характер. Пациентам старше 70 лет рекомендуют начинать терапию с препаратов леводопы, более молодым пациентам – сагонистов дофаминовых рецепторов (АДР), амантадинов, ингибиторов МАО-В. Разбираются механизмы действия АДР, возможности их влияния на моторные и немоторные симптомы БП. Особое место уделено пирибедилу, у которого за счет двойного механизма действия отмечают положительный эффект в отношении когнитивных функций, депрессии, апатии, а также минимальный эффект в отношении дневной сонливости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>начальные стадии</kwd><kwd>агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов</kwd><kwd>пирибедил</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>initial stages</kwd><kwd>dopamine receptor agonists</kwd><kwd>piribedil</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Сервье»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Servier</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tysnes O-B, Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. 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