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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2023-2-10-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1988</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Patient with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack. Part 1. Diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пациент с некардиоэмболическим ишемическим инсультом или транзиторной ишемической атакой высокого риска. Часть 1. Диагностика</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-8118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулеш</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulesh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksey.kulesh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-286X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янишевский</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanishevsky</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Akkuratova St., St. Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>414004, Астрахань, ул. Покровская Роща, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Pokrovskaya Rosha St., Astrakhan 414011</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8305-1115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3847-9366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105203, Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kulesh A.A., Yanishevsky S.N., Demin D.A., Syromyatnikova L.I., Vinogradov O.I., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулеш А.А., Янишевский С.Н., Демин Д.А., Сыромятникова Л.И., Виноградов О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulesh A.A., Yanishevsky S.N., Demin D.A., Syromyatnikova L.I., Vinogradov O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1988">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1988</self-uri><abstract><p>Non-cardioembolic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are heterogeneous conditions, some variants of which are associated with a high short-term and long-term risk of cardiovascular events. The article presents clinical portraits of patients in high and very high risk groups: 1) patients with extracranial atherosclerosis and severe stenosis/subocclusion/occlusion or CT signs of atherosclerotic plaque instability; 2) all patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, especially those with symptoms of hemodynamic compromise or multiple infarcts; 3) all patients with mobile/ulcerative atheroma of the aortic arch. For the timely identification of these subtypes, it is necessary to use clinical and radiological clues with necessary diagnostic search. In addition, the following patients with TIA may be at high or very high risk: those with an ABCD2 score of ≥4 points or an ABCD3-I score of ≥8 points; with TIA in the vertebrobasilar basin, "crescendo" or "limb shaking" type, orthostatic TIA, as well as patients with warning capsular and bridge syndromes. Assigning a patient to one of the considered categories requires the immediate administration of enhanced secondary prevention, which will be discussed in the second part of this article.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Некардиоэмболический инсульт и транзиторная ишемическая атака (ТИА) являются гетерогенными состояниями, некоторые варианты которых ассоциированы с высоким краткосрочным и долгосрочным риском сердечно-сосудистых событий. В статье представлены клинические портреты пациентов групп высокого и очень высокого риска: 1) пациенты с экстракраниальным атеросклерозом и тяжелым стенозом/субокклюзией/окклюзией или КТ-признаками нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки; 2) все пациенты с интракраниальным атеросклерозом, в особенности при наличии симптомов гемодинамической компрометации или множественных инфарктов; 3) все пациенты с мобильной/изъязвленной атеромой дуги аорты. Для своевременной идентификации данных подтипов необходимо использование клинических и радиологических подсказок с проведением необходимого диагностического поиска. Кроме того, высоким и очень высоким риском могут обладать следующие пациенты с ТИА: с результатом по шкале ABCD2 ≥4 баллов или по шкале ABCD3-I ≥8 баллов; с ТИА в вертебробазилярном бассейне, по типу «crescendo» или «limb shaking», ортостатическими ТИА, а также с предупреждающим капсулярным и мостовым синдромом. Отнесение пациента к одной из рассмотренных категорий требует незамедлительного назначения усиленной вторичной профилактики, о чем пойдет речь во второй части данной статьи. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеротромботический инсульт</kwd><kwd>малый инсульт</kwd><kwd>транзиторная ишемическая атака</kwd><kwd>интракраниальный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>атерома дуги аорты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherothrombotic stroke</kwd><kwd>small stroke</kwd><kwd>transient ischemic attack</kwd><kwd>intracranial atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>atheroma of the aortic arch</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener HC, Hankey GJ. Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Hemorrhage: JACC Focus Seminar. 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