nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1-110-118nnp-1964Research ArticleEXPERIMENTAL STUDIESЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯChondroprotectors as modulators of neuroinflammationХондропротекторы как модуляторы нейровоспаленияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998ТоршинИ. Ю.TorshinI. Y.

119333, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 44, корп. 2

119333, Moscow, Vavilov St., 44, Build. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710XГромоваО. А.GromovaO. A.

Ольга Алексеевна Громова

119333, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 44, корп. 2

Olga Alekseevna Gromova

119333, Moscow, Vavilov St., 44, Build. 2

unesco.gromova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-2887НазаренкоА. Г.NazarenkoA. G.

127299, Москва, ул. Приорова, 10

127299, Moscow, Priorova St., 10

Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Pharmacoinformatics of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Management”, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRussian Federation202319022023151110118Copyright © Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., Nazarenko A.G., 20232023Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Назаренко А.Г.Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., Nazarenko A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1964

Modern fundamental and clinical studies show that chondroprotector molecules (chondroitin sulfate – CS; glucosamine sulfate – GS) can be useful in the treatment of neuroinflammation and so-called "inflammageing" – chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation that stimulates the development of neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, ischemia, osteoarthritis and other pathologies. The role of CS and GS in the central nervous system are evident in the context of the concepts of the tetrapartite synapse and perineuronal nets (PNNs). Molecular mechanisms of action of CS and GS on neuroinflammation include: 1) interaction with the CD44 receptor, leading to inhibition of the pro-inflammatory factor NFκB, antiatherosclerotic and anticoagulant effects; 2) direct contribution to the formation of the PNNs, which support the division and differentiation of neurons; 3) inhibition of Toll-like receptors; 4) antioxidant and neuroprotective properties through activation of the PKC/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; 5) inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. These molecular effects determine the neuroprotective properties of CS/GS in ischemia, neurodegeneration, and pain syndromes associated with neuroinflammation.

Современные фундаментальные и клинические исследования показывают, что молекулы хондропротекторов (хондроитина сульфата – ХС; глюкозамина сульфата – ГС) могут быть полезны в терапии нейровоспаления и так называемого «инфламейджинга» – хронического, вялотекущего системного воспаления, стимулирующего развитие нейродегенерации, атеросклероза, ишемии, остеоартрита и других патологий. Роли ХС и ГС в центральной нервной системе очевидны в свете концепций четырехкомпонентного синапса и перинейрональных сетей (ПНС). Молекулярные механизмы действия ХС и ГС на нейровоспаление включают: 1) взаимодействие с рецептором CD44, приводящее к ингибированию провоспалительного фактора NF-κВ, антиатеросклеротическому и антикоагулянтному эффектам; 2) прямое участие в формировании ПНС, поддерживающих деление и дифференцировку нейронов; 3) ингибирование толл-подобных рецепторов; 4) антиоксидантные и нейропротекторные свойства посредством активации сигнального пути PKC/PI3K/Akt; 5) ингибирование матриксных металлопротеиназ. Эти молекулярные эффекты обусловливают нейропротекторные свойства ХС/ГС при ишемии, нейродегенерации и при болевых синдромах, связанных с нейровоспалением.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.