<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-115-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1930</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Issues of improving the management of patients with ischemic stroke on the background of atrial fibrillation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы совершенствования ведения пациентов, перенесших ишемический инсульт на фоне фибрилляции предсердий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-8118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулеш</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulesh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Кулеш</p><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kulesh</p><p>614990, Perm, Petropavlovskaya St., 26</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksey.kulesh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>414011, Астрахань, ул. Покровская Роща, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>414011, Astrakhan, Pokrovskaya Rosha St., 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра неврологии и медицинской генетики ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of neurology and medical genetics, Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kulesh A.A., Demin D.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулеш А.А., Демин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulesh A.A., Demin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1930">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1930</self-uri><abstract><p>The article discusses the clinical features of cardioembolic stroke (CES). Approaches to the examination of a patient with clinical suspicion of CES are discussed within the framework of the concept of atrial cardiopathy and its main markers. The principles for choosing the timing of oral anticoagulant administration for the purpose of secondary prevention are presented. The article discusses the special aspects of direct oral anticoagulants prescription in difficult clinical situations, in particular, in elderly and senile patients, after reperfusion therapy, with the development of hemorrhagic transformation, in the presence of combined atherosclerosis, cerebral microangiopathy, anamnesis of intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as severe cognitive impairment. Approaches to the choice of oral anticoagulant in terms of purely clinical benefit are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассмотрены клинические особенности кардиоэмболического инсульта (КЭИ). Обсуждаются подходы к обследованию пациента с клиническим подозрением на КЭИ в рамках концепции предсердной кардиопатии и ее основных маркеров. Представлены принципы выбора срока назначения орального антикоагулянта с целью вторичной профилактики. Рассмотрены особенности назначения прямых оральных антикоагулянтов в сложных клинических ситуациях, в частности пациентам пожилого и старческого возраста, после проведения реперфузионной терапии, при развитии геморрагической трансформации, при наличии сочетанного атеросклероза, церебральной микроангиопатии, внутримозгового кровоизлияния в анамнезе, а также выраженных когнитивных нарушений. Представлены подходы к выбору орального антикоагулянта с точки зрения чистой клинической пользы. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>предсердная кардиопатия</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>прямые оральные антикоагулянты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>atrial cardiopathy</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградов ОИ, Кулеш АА, Демин ДА. Ишемический инсульт: диагностика, лечение, реабилитация и профилактика. Руководство для врачей. Москва: ИД Третьяковъ; 2022. 252 с. ISBN 978-5-90657-776-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradov OI, Kulesh AA, Demin DA. Ishemicheskiy insul't: diagnostika, lecheniye, reabilitatsiya i profilaktika. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachey [Ischemic stroke: diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention. Guide for doctors]. Moscow: ID Tretyakov; 2022. 252 p. ISBN 978-5-90657-776-4 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z, Wang C, Xia W, et al. Efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy for cardioembolic stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 15;100(2):e24340. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z, Wang C, Xia W, et al. Efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy for cardioembolic stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 15;100(2):e24340. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА. Сложные вопросы ведения пациента с фибрилляцией предсердий с точки зрения невролога. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2021;13(5):4-13. doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-4-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA. Difficult issues in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a neurologist's point of view. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2021;13(5):4-13. doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-4-13 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seiffge DJ, Werring DJ, Paciaroni M, et al. Timing of anticoagulation after recent ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):117-26. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30356-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seiffge DJ, Werring DJ, Paciaroni M, et al. Timing of anticoagulation after recent ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):117-26. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30356-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sacchetti DC, Furie KL, Yaghi S. Cardioembolic Stroke: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Semin Neurol. 2017 Jun;37(3):326-38. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sacchetti DC, Furie KL, Yaghi S. Cardioembolic Stroke: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Semin Neurol. 2017 Jun;37(3):326-38. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang J, Hong JH, Jang MU, et al. Cardioembolism and Involvement of the Insular Cortex in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 21;10(10):e0139540. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139540</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang J, Hong JH, Jang MU, et al. Cardioembolism and Involvement of the Insular Cortex in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 21;10(10):e0139540. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139540</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА, Демин ДА, Виноградов ОИ. Патогенетические механизмы ишемического инсульта: от верификации до вторичной профилактики. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(11):792-9. doi:10.26442/20751753.2021.11.201153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA, Demin DA, Vinogradov OI. Pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic stroke: from verification to secondary prevention. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(11):792-9. doi:10.26442/20751753.2021.11.201153 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamel H, Healey JS. Cardioembolic Stroke. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):514-26. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamel H, Healey JS. Cardioembolic Stroke. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):514-26. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА, Куликова СП, Дробаха ВЕ и др. Роль поражения островковой коры в определении патогенетического подтипа ишемического инсульта. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2022;14(2):11-7. doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2022-2-11-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA, Kulikova SP, Drobakha VE, et al. Role of insular cortex lesions in determining the pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2022;14(2):11-7. doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2022-2-11-17 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang DW, Jeong HG, Kim DY, et al. Prediction of Stroke Subtype and Recanalization Using Susceptibility Vessel Sign on SusceptibilityWeighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Stroke. 2017 Jun;48(6):1554-9. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016217. Epub 2017 Apr 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang DW, Jeong HG, Kim DY, et al. Prediction of Stroke Subtype and Recanalization Using Susceptibility Vessel Sign on SusceptibilityWeighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Stroke. 2017 Jun;48(6):1554-9. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016217. Epub 2017 Apr 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arboix A, Aliо J. Cardioembolic stroke: clinical features, specific cardiac disorders and prognosis. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2010 Aug;6(3):150-61. doi:10.2174/157340310791658730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arboix A, Aliо J. Cardioembolic stroke: clinical features, specific cardiac disorders and prognosis. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2010 Aug;6(3):150-61. doi:10.2174/157340310791658730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000375</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000375</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА, Демин ДА, Виноградов ОИ. Криптогенный инсульт. Часть 1: аорто-артериальная эмболия. Медицинский Совет. 2021;(4):78-87. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-78-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA, Demin DA, Vinogradov OI. Cryptogenic stroke. Part 1: Aorto-arterial embolism. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2021;(4):78-87. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-78-87 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА, Демин ДА, Белопасова АВ и др. Криптогенный инсульт. Часть 2: парадоксальная эмболия. Медицинский Совет. 2021;(19):16-33. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2021-19-16-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA, Demin DA, Belopasova AV, et al. Cryptogenic stroke. Part 2: paradoxical embolism. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2021;(19):16-33. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2021-19-16-33 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демин ДА, Кулеш АА, Янишевский СН и др. Криптогенный инсульт. Часть 3: предсердная кардиопатия и скрытая фибрилляция предсердий. Медицинский Совет. 2022;(21):8-18. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-8-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demin DA, Kulesh AA, Yanishevskiy SN, et al. Cryptogenic stroke. Part 3: atrial cardiopathy and silent atrial fibrillation. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2022;(21):8-18. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-8-18 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poli S, Diedler J, Härtig F, et al. Insertable cardiac monitors after cryptogenic stroke – a risk factor based approach to enhance the detection rate for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Feb;23(2):375-81. doi:10.1111/ene.12843</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poli S, Diedler J, Härtig F, et al. Insertable cardiac monitors after cryptogenic stroke – a risk factor based approach to enhance the detection rate for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Feb;23(2):375-81. doi:10.1111/ene.12843</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart RG, Coull BM, Hart D. Early recurrent embolism associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study. Stroke. 1983 SepOct;14(5):688-93. doi:10.1161/01.str.14.5.688</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart RG, Coull BM, Hart D. Early recurrent embolism associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study. Stroke. 1983 SepOct;14(5):688-93. doi:10.1161/01.str.14.5.688</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muscari A, Faccioli L, Lega MV, et al. Predicting hemorrhagic transformation and its timing from maximum cerebral lesion diameter in nonlacunar ischemic strokes. Brain Behav. 2020 Jan;10(1):e01497. doi:10.1002/brb3.1497</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muscari A, Faccioli L, Lega MV, et al. Predicting hemorrhagic transformation and its timing from maximum cerebral lesion diameter in nonlacunar ischemic strokes. Brain Behav. 2020 Jan;10(1):e01497. doi:10.1002/brb3.1497</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Europace. 2016 Nov;18(11):1609-78. doi:10.1093/europace/euw295</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Europace. 2016 Nov;18(11):1609-78. doi:10.1093/europace/euw295</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eun MY, Kim JY, Hwang YH, et al. Initiation of Guideline-Matched Oral Anticoagulant in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke. J Stroke. 2021 Jan;23(1):113-23. doi:10.5853/jos.2020.03440</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eun MY, Kim JY, Hwang YH, et al. Initiation of Guideline-Matched Oral Anticoagulant in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke. J Stroke. 2021 Jan;23(1):113-23. doi:10.5853/jos.2020.03440</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for CardioThoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for CardioThoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Falocci N, et al. Early Recurrence and Major Bleeding in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Non-Vitamin-K Oral Anticoagulants (RAF-NOACs) Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Nov 29;6(12):e007034. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Falocci N, et al. Early Recurrence and Major Bleeding in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Non-Vitamin-K Oral Anticoagulants (RAF-NOACs) Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Nov 29;6(12):e007034. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaghi S, Trivedi T, Henninger N, et al. Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk. Ann Neurol. 2020 Oct;88(4):807-16. doi:10.1002/ana.25844</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaghi S, Trivedi T, Henninger N, et al. Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk. Ann Neurol. 2020 Oct;88(4):807-16. doi:10.1002/ana.25844</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimura S, Toyoda K, Yoshimura S, et al; SAMURAI, RELAXED, RAF, RAF-NOAC, CROMIS-2, NOACISP LONGTERM, Erlangen Registry and Verona Registry Investigators. Practical “1-2-3-4-Day” Rule for Starting Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Combined Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Stroke. 2022 Feb 2:STROKEAHA121036695. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036695</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimura S, Toyoda K, Yoshimura S, et al; SAMURAI, RELAXED, RAF, RAF-NOAC, CROMIS-2, NOACISP LONGTERM, Erlangen Registry and Verona Registry Investigators. Practical “1-2-3-4-Day” Rule for Starting Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Combined Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Stroke. 2022 Feb 2:STROKEAHA121036695. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036695</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oldgren J, Asberg S, Hijazi Z, et al; National TIMING Collaborators. Early Versus Delayed Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (TIMING): A Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study. Circulation. 2022 Oct 4;146(14):1056-66. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060666</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oldgren J, Asberg S, Hijazi Z, et al; National TIMING Collaborators. Early Versus Delayed Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (TIMING): A Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study. Circulation. 2022 Oct 4;146(14):1056-66. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060666</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vannucchi V, Moroni F, Grifoni E, et al. Management of oral anticoagulation in very old patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation related acute ischemic stroke. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jan;49(1):86-93. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01972-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vannucchi V, Moroni F, Grifoni E, et al. Management of oral anticoagulation in very old patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation related acute ischemic stroke. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jan;49(1):86-93. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01972-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giustozzi M, Acciarresi M, Agnelli G, et al. Safety of Anticoagulation in Patients Treated With Urgent Reperfusion for Ischemic Stroke Related to Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke. 2020 Aug;51(8):2347-54. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giustozzi M, Acciarresi M, Agnelli G, et al. Safety of Anticoagulation in Patients Treated With Urgent Reperfusion for Ischemic Stroke Related to Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke. 2020 Aug;51(8):2347-54. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paciaroni M, Bandini F, Agnelli G, et al. Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Time to Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Nov 20;7(22):e010133. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.010133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paciaroni M, Bandini F, Agnelli G, et al. Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Time to Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Nov 20;7(22):e010133. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.010133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsi V, Georgiopoulos G, Skafida A, et al. Noncardioembolic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Angiology. 2019 Apr;70(4):299-304. doi:10.1177/0003319718791711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsi V, Georgiopoulos G, Skafida A, et al. Noncardioembolic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Angiology. 2019 Apr;70(4):299-304. doi:10.1177/0003319718791711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson D, Ambler G, Lee KJ, et al; Microbleeds International Collaborative Network. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jul;18(7):653-65. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30197-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson D, Ambler G, Lee KJ, et al; Microbleeds International Collaborative Network. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jul;18(7):653-65. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30197-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Z, Ding X, Ye Z, et al. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in atrial fibrillation patients with previous stroke or intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Cardiol. 2021 Jul;44(7):917-24. doi:10.1002/clc.23647</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Z, Ding X, Ye Z, et al. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in atrial fibrillation patients with previous stroke or intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Cardiol. 2021 Jul;44(7):917-24. doi:10.1002/clc.23647</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee A, Benedetto V, Gichuru P, et al. Adherence and persistence to direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a population-based study. Heart. 2020 Jan;106(2):119-26. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee A, Benedetto V, Gichuru P, et al. Adherence and persistence to direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a population-based study. Heart. 2020 Jan;106(2):119-26. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozaki AF, Choi AS, Le QT, et al. Real-World Adherence and Persistence to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020 Mar;13(3):e005969. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozaki AF, Choi AS, Le QT, et al. Real-World Adherence and Persistence to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020 Mar;13(3):e005969. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулеш АА. Чистая клиническая выгода (net clinical benefit) антикоагулянтной терапии с точки зрения невролога. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(2):79-84. doi:10.26442/20751753.2022.2.201537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulesh AA. Net clinical benefit of anticoagulant therapy from a neurologist's perspective: A review. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(2):79-84. doi:10.26442/20751753.2022.2.201537 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee A, Lane DA, Torp-Pedersen C, Lip GY. Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: a modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2012 Mar;107(3):584-9. doi:10.1160/TH11-11-0784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee A, Lane DA, Torp-Pedersen C, Lip GY. Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: a modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2012 Mar;107(3):584-9. doi:10.1160/TH11-11-0784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renda G, di Nicola M, De Caterina R. Net Clinical Benefit of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Phase III Atrial Fibrillation Trials. Am J Med. 2015 Sep;128(9):1007-14.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renda G, di Nicola M, De Caterina R. Net Clinical Benefit of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Phase III Atrial Fibrillation Trials. Am J Med. 2015 Sep;128(9):1007-14.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu JC, Hsieh CY, Yang YH, Lu CY. Net clinical benefit of oral anticoagulants: a multiple criteria decision analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 21;10(4):e0124806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124806</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu JC, Hsieh CY, Yang YH, Lu CY. Net clinical benefit of oral anticoagulants: a multiple criteria decision analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 21;10(4):e0124806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124806</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Makaritsis K, et al. Real-World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin-K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin-K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2017 Sep;48(9):2494-503. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017549</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Makaritsis K, et al. Real-World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin-K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin-K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2017 Sep;48(9):2494-503. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017549</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amin A, Keshishian A, Dina O, et al. Comparative clinical outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin among elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the CMS medicare population. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019 Aug;48(2):240-9. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01838-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amin A, Keshishian A, Dina O, et al. Comparative clinical outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin among elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the CMS medicare population. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019 Aug;48(2):240-9. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01838-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Roldan V, et al. Estimated Effectiveness and Safety of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Compared With Optimally Acenocoumarol Anticoagulated “Real-World” in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2018 Sep 1;122(5):785-92. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Roldan V, et al. Estimated Effectiveness and Safety of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Compared With Optimally Acenocoumarol Anticoagulated “Real-World” in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2018 Sep 1;122(5):785-92. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
