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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-89-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1926</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Альцгеймера и COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-4764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коберская</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koberskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надежда Николаевна Коберская</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11129226, Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119021, Moscow, Rossolimo St., 11, Build. 1129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova St., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koberskaya_n_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-1394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119021, Moscow, Rossolimo St., 11, Build. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Koberskaya N.N., Roshchin F.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коберская Н.Н., Рощин Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koberskaya N.N., Roshchin F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1926">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1926</self-uri><abstract><p>In elderly patients with COVID-19 cognitive functions decline; it has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other long-term neurological consequences. We review several parallels between AD and COVID-19 in terms of pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors. Possible mechanisms through which COVID-19 can initiate AD are discussed. These include systemic inflammation, hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin system, innate immune activation, oxidative stress, and direct viral damage. It has been shown that increased expression of angiotensin-renin receptors (ACE2) may be a risk factor for COVID-19 in patients with AD. When entering the central nervous system, the SARS-CoV-2 virus can directly activate glial cell-mediated immune responses, which in turn can lead to the accumulation of beta-amyloid and the subsequent onset or progression of current AD. The involvement of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukins (IL): IL6, IL1, as well as galectin-3, as a link between COVID-19 and AD is discussed. The rationale for the use of memantine (akatinol memantine) in patients with COVID-19 in order to prevent the development of cognitive deficits is discussed. Memantine has been shown to have a positive effect on neuroinflammatory processes in the onset or exacerbation of cognitive deficits, in reducing cerebral vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction in viral infections. Memantine therapy may improve everyday activity and reduce the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>У пожилых пациентов с COVID-19 отмечается снижение когнитивных функций; высказано предположение, что инфекция SARSCoV-2 может приводить к развитию болезни Альцгеймера (БА) и другим отдаленным неврологическим последствиям. В обзоре рассматривается несколько параллелей между БА и COVID-19 в отношении механизмов патогенеза и факторов риска. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы, посредством которых COVID-19 может инициировать БА. К ним относятся системное воспаление, гиперактивация ренин-ангиотензиновой системы, врожденная иммунная активация, окислительный стресс, прямое вирусное поражение. Показано, что усиленная экспрессия ангиотензин-рениновых рецепторов (ACE2) может представлять собой фактор риска COVID-19 у пациентов с БА. При попадании в центральную нервную систему вирус SARS-CoV-2 может напрямую активировать иммунные реакции, опосредованные глиальными клетками, что в свою очередь может привести к накоплению бета-амилоида и последующему дебюту или прогрессированию текущей БА. Обсуждается участие воспалительных биомаркеров, в том числе интерлейкинов (ИЛ): ИЛ6, ИЛ1, а также галектина-3, в качестве связующего звена между COVID-19 и БА. Обсуждаются основания для применения мемантина (акатинола мемантина) у пациентов с COVID-19 с целью профилактики развития когнитивного дефицита. Был показан положительный эффект мемантина в отношении нейровоспалительных процессов при возникновении или усугублении когнитивного дефицита, в снижении церебрального вазоспазма и эндотелиальной дисфункции при вирусных инфекциях. Терапия мемантином может улучшить повседневную активность и снизить риск тяжелого течения при заражении SARSCoV-2. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>инфекция SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>мемантин</kwd><kwd>акатинол мемантин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 infection</kwd><kwd>memantine</kwd><kwd>akatinol memantine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Мерц Фарма».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Merz Pharma.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beach S, Praschan N, Hogan C, et al. 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