nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2022-1S-38-44nnp-1852Research ArticleREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview of human interferons and the potential of their use in the complex therapy of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19Обзор интерферонов человека и потенциал их применения в комплексной терапии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-3288ГранатовЕ. В.GranatovE. V.

Евгений Валерьевич Гранатов

420021, Казань, ул. Ватутина, 13

Evgeniy Valerievich Granatov 

13, Vatutina St., Kazan 420021 

rkbvl@i-set.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-6803АбашевА. Р.AbashevA. R.

420111, Казань, ул. Островского, 11/6 

11/6, Ostrovskiy St., Kazan 420111 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-6970ХабировФ. А.KhabirovF. A.

420021, Казань, ул. Ватутина, 13

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36 

13, Vatutina St., Kazan 420021

36, Butlerov St., Kazan 420012

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8605-8817ДыхановА. Я.DykhanovA. Ya.

Калининград, ул. Маяковского, 16/2 

16/2, Mayakovskiy St., Kaliningrad

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-6683ХайбуллинТ. И.KhaibullinT. I.

420021, Казань, ул. Ватутина, 13

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36 

13, Vatutina St., Kazan 420021

36, Butlerov St., Kazan 420012

ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический неврологический центр»РоссияRepublican Clinical Neurological CenterRussian FederationМинистерство здравоохранения Республики ТатарстанРоссияMinistry of Health of the Republic of TatarstanRussian FederationГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический неврологический центр»; Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRepublican Clinical Neurological Center; Kazan State Medical Academy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationНП «Эгида»Россия“Egida”Russian Federation202204082022141SСпецвыпуск: рассеянный склероз3844Copyright © Granatov E.V., Abashev A.R., Khabirov F.A., Dykhanov A.Y., Khaibullin T.I., 20222022Гранатов Е.В., Абашев А.Р., Хабиров Ф.А., Дыханов А.Я., Хайбуллин Т.И.Granatov E.V., Abashev A.R., Khabirov F.A., Dykhanov A.Y., Khaibullin T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1852

Interferons (IFNs) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classic experiment by Isaacs and Lindenman showing that type I IFNs have antiviral activity. IFNs are widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, viral hepatitis B and C, and some forms of cancer. Preliminary clinical data support the efficacy of type I IFN against potential pandemic viruses such as Ebola and SARS. Nevertheless, more effective and specific drugs have found their place in the treatment of such diseases. As the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is evolving, type I IFN is being re-discussed as one of the main pathogenic drugs, and initial clinical trials have shown promising results in reducing the severity and duration of COVID-19. Although SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the production of IFN-β and prevents a full innate immune response to this virus, it is sensitive to the antiviral activity of externally administered type I IFN. The review presents current data on the classification and mechanisms of action of IFN. Possible options for the optimal use of IFN in the fight against COVID-19 are discussed.

Интерфероны (ИФН) были впервые обнаружены более 60 лет назад в классическом эксперименте Айзекса и Линденмана, показавшем, что ИФН I типа обладают противовирусной активностью. ИФН нашли широкое применение в лечении рассеянного склероза, вирусных гепатитов B и C, а также некоторых форм онкологических заболеваний. Предварительные клинические данные подтверждают эффективность ИФН I типа против потенциальных пандемических вирусов, таких как Эбола и SARS. Тем не менее в лечении подобных заболеваний нашли свое место более эффективные и специфические лекарственные средства. В связи с развитием пандемии COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) вновь обсуждается возможность использования ИФН I типа в качестве одного из основных патогенетических препаратов, а первоначальные клинические испытания продемонстрировали многообещающие результаты в отношении снижения тяжести и продолжительности COVID-19. Хотя SARS-CoV-2 ингибирует продукцию ИФН-β и препятствует полноценному врожденному иммунному ответу на этот вирус, он чувствителен к противовирусной активности вводимого извне ИФН I типа. В обзоре приведены современные данные о классификации и механизмах действия ИФН. Обсуждаются возможные варианты оптимального использования ИФН в борьбе с COVID-19.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.