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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2022-2-98-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1792</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Muscular factor in the development of musculoskeletal pain. Treatment options</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мышечный фактор в развитии скелетно-мышечной боли. Возможности терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-144X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исайкин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaikin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei Ivanovich Isaikin</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-9254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); 3-е неврологическое отделение Клиники нервных болезней им. А.Я. Кожевникова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; 3rd neurological department, A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Isaikin A.I., Nasonova T.I., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исайкин А.И., Насонова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isaikin A.I., Nasonova T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1792">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1792</self-uri><abstract><p>The importance of the muscular factor, which is traditionally considered in myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS), in the development and maintenance of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is actively discussed. The hypothesis of the leading role of myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in muscle pain remains debatable. Probably, muscle pain is secondary to the underlying disease. The MTP phenomenon is considered as an area of secondary hyperalgesia resulting from neurogenic inflammation in muscles that were not initially structurally and physiologically damaged. According to these ideas, MFPS is a complex form of neuromuscular dysfunction, which is represented by soft tissue damage with the development of peripheral and central sensitization as a result of neurogenic inflammation, changes in the functioning of limbic system structures. MFPS is a clinical diagnosis, based on the presence of painful spasmodic muscles, painful muscle indurations, active trigger points with zones of reflected pain. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical tests for MFPS have not been determined. Currently, there are no proven universally accepted criteria (such as biomarkers, electrophysiological evaluation, imaging, diagnostic blocks, etc.) for objectifying or quantifying MTPs. Nonpharmacological interventions with the most proven effectiveness include therapeutic exercises and psychotherapeutic techniques, other methods are of secondary importance. The effectiveness of aceclofenac (Aertal®) and the muscle relaxant tolperisone (Mydocalm®) in the of MSP treatment is discussed. It is noted that a new form of tolperisone – Mydocalm®-Long 450 mg - can reduce the frequency of drug administration, provide a proven and predictable therapeutic effect, and increase treatment adherence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Значение мышечного фактора, который традиционно рассматривается в рамках миофасциального болевого синдрома (МФБС), в развитии и поддержании скелетно-мышечной боли (СМБ) активно обсуждается. Дискуссионной остается гипотеза о ведущей роли миофасциальных триггерных точек (МТТ) в формировании мышечной боли. Вероятно, развитие мышечной боли вторично по отношению к основному заболеванию. Феномен MTТ рассматривается как область вторичной гипералгезии, возникшей вследствие нейрогенного воспаления в мышцах, которые структурно и физиологически изначально не были повреждены. Согласно этим представлениям, МФБС – это сложная форма нейромышечной дисфункции, которая представлена поражением мягких тканей с развитием периферической и центральной сенситизации в результате нейрогенного воспаления, изменениям функционирования структур лимбической системы. Диагноз МФБС – клинический, основанный на наличии болезненных спазмированных мышц, болезненных мышечных уплотнений, активных триггерных точек с формированием зон отраженных болей. Чувствительность и специфичность клинических тестов для МФБС не определены. В настоящее время отсутствуют доказанные общепризнанные критерии (такие как биомаркеры, электрофизиологическая диагностика, визуализация, диагностические блокады и т. д.) для объективизации или количественной оценки MTТ. Немедикаментозными методами лечения с наиболее доказанной эффективностью являются лечебная гимнастика и психотерапевтические методики, другие методы имеют вспомогательное значение. Обсуждается эффективность применения ацеклофенака (Аэртал®) и миорелаксанта толперизона (Мидокалм®) в лечении СМБ. Отмечается, что новая форма толперизона – Мидокалм® Лонг 450 мг – позволяет уменьшить частоту приема препарата, обеспечить доказанный и предсказуемый терапевтический эффект, повысить приверженность лечению.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скелетно-мышечная боль</kwd><kwd>миофасциальный синдром</kwd><kwd>Аэртал®</kwd><kwd>Мидокалм®</kwd><kwd>опросник STarTMSKTool</kwd><kwd>лечебная физкультура</kwd><kwd>когнитивно-поведенческая терапия</kwd><kwd>иннервация мышц</kwd><kwd>механизм развития миофасциальных триггерных точек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>musculoskeletal pain</kwd><kwd>myofascial syndrome</kwd><kwd>Aertal®</kwd><kwd>Mydocalm®</kwd><kwd>StarTMSKTool</kwd><kwd>physiotherapy</kwd><kwd>cognitive behavioral therapy</kwd><kwd>muscle innervation</kwd><kwd>mechanism of of myofascial trigger points development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Гедеон Рихтер»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Gedeon Richter</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. 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