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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2022-2-11-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Role of insular cortex lesions in determining the pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль поражения островковой коры в определении патогенетического подтипа ишемического инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-8118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулеш</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulesh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Кулеш</p><p>Россия, 614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p><p>Россия, 614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kulesh</p><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990, Russia</p><p>2, KIM St., Perm 614107, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksey.kulesh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-1018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614070, Пермь, бульвар Гагарина, 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, Gagarina Blvd., Perm 614070, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-2692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробаха</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobakha</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-4100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мехряков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mekhryakov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, KIM St., Perm 614107, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-4129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартули</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartuli</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9317-8785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузмаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzmakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614070, Пермь, бульвар Гагарина, 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, Gagarina Blvd., Perm 614070, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8305-1115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p><p>Россия, 614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990</p><p>2, KIM St., Perm 614107, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-4260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собянин</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobyanin</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614070, Пермь, бульвар Гагарина, 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, Gagarina Blvd., Perm 614070, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-2060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каракулова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karakulova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ ПК «Городская клиническая больница №4»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital Four</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ ПК «Городская клиническая больница №4»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital Four</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kulesh A.A., Kulikova S.P., Drobakha V.E., Mekhryakov S.A., Bartuli E.V., Buzmakov A.V., Syromyatnikova L.I., Sobyanin K.V., Karakulova Y.V., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулеш А.А., Куликова С.П., Дробаха В.Е., Мехряков С.А., Бартули Е.В., Бузмаков А.В., Сыромятникова Л.И., Собянин К.В., Каракулова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulesh A.A., Kulikova S.P., Drobakha V.E., Mekhryakov S.A., Bartuli E.V., Buzmakov A.V., Syromyatnikova L.I., Sobyanin K.V., Karakulova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1779">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1779</self-uri><abstract><p>Timely evaluation of cardioembolic stroke (CES) caused by atrial fibrillation is critical from the point of view of the possibility of prescribing effective secondary prevention with oral anticoagulants. Insular lesion is considered as a promising neuroimaging marker of CES.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the role of insular cortex lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain as a potential neuroimaging marker of the pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke (IS).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. 225 patients in the acute period of IS were examined. Depending on the stroke etiology, patients were divided into three groups: cryptogenic stroke (CS; n=99), CES (n=45), and non-CES (n=81). All patients underwent an MRI of the brain to analyze the insular cortex lesions. In 57 patients, foci of cerebral infarction were additionally marked manually on axial slices of diffusion-weighted MRI using the Anatomist software. The calculated MRI characteristics of foci for CES and non-CES groups were used to construct a decision tree in the WEKA 3.6 package. Echocardiographic markers of atrial cardiopathy were assessed in all patients – the left atrium (LA) emptying fraction and LA function index; in 68 patients, the concentration of serum NT-proBNP was also assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The insula was affected in 12% of patients: most often in CES (33%), significantly less often in CS and non-CES (6 and 7.4%, respectively), without significant differences between the latter groups. The presence of insula lesion in relation to CES has a sensitivity of 33% and a specificity of 93% (p=0.002); odds ratio 6.25; 95% confidence interval 2.22–17.63. In most patients, the posterior insular cortex was involved in the pathological process. Isolated insular infarction occurred in only one patient with CES, while the involvement of the insula and adjacent zone, and the combination of insular infarction with territorial infarction, were observed more often. The group of patients with insular lesions was distinguished by the predominance of women, greater severity of stroke at admission, less deficit at discharge, larger LA diameter, lower LA emptying fraction, and functional index. CES was four times more common in the insular lesion group, while CS was two times more common in those without insular lesions. Insula involvement identifies three out of five CES patients according to the decision tree. Further analysis of the total lesion volume can locate almost all remaining patients with CES: they are characterized by the indicator &gt;12 sm3.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Insular lesions allow reliable differentiation of patients with CES and non-CES and can be considered a potential marker of the cardioembolic subtype of IS, which requires further investigation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Своевременная диагностика кардиоэмболического инсульта (КЭИ) на фоне фибрилляции предсердий чрезвычайно важна с точки зрения возможности назначения эффективной вторичной профилактики оральными антикоагулянтами. В качестве перспективного нейровизуализационного маркера КЭИ рассматривается поражение островка.</p><p>Цель исследования – проанализировать роль поражения островковой коры по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) головного мозга как потенциального нейровизуализационного маркера патогенетического подтипа ишемического инсульта (ИИ).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Обследованы 225 пациентов в остром периоде ИИ. В зависимости от этиологии инсульта пациенты разделены на три группы: криптогенный инсульт (КИ; n=99), КЭИ (n=45) и неКЭИ (n=81). Всем больным проводилась МРТ головного мозга с анализом поражения островковой коры. У 57 пациентов дополнительно вручную размечены очаги инфаркта мозга на аксиальных срезах диффузионно-взвешенных МРТ-изображений с использованием программного обеспечения Anatomist. Рассчитанные МРТ-характеристики очагов для групп КЭИ и неКЭИ использованы при построении дерева решений в пакете WEKA 3.6. У всех пациентов оценивались эхокардиографические маркеры предсердной кардиопатии – фракция опорожнения и функциональный индекс левого предсердия (ЛП); у 68 пациентов – концентрация NT-proBNP в сыворотке крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Островок был поражен у 12% пациентов: наиболее часто при КЭИ (33%), значительно реже при КИ и неКЭИ (6 и 7,4% соответственно), без значимых различий между последними группами. Поражение островка по отношению к КЭИ обладает чувствительностью 33% и специфичностью 93% (p=0,002); отношение шансов 6,25; 95% доверительный интервал 2,22–17,63. У большинства пациентов в патологический процесс вовлекалась задняя островковая кора. Изолированный инфаркт островка имел место только у одного пациента с КЭИ, тогда как поражение островка и смежной зоны, а также сочетание инфаркта островка с территориальным инфарктом наблюдались чаще. Группа пациентов с поражением островка отличалась преобладанием женщин, большей тяжестью инсульта при поступлении, меньшим дефицитом при выписке, большим диаметром ЛП, меньшими значениями фракции опорожнения и функционального индекса ЛП. КЭИ встречался в 4 раза чаще в группе поражения островка, тогда как КИ – в 2 раза чаще в группе без поражения островка. Согласно дереву решения, поражение островка позволяет идентифицировать трех из пяти пациентов с КЭИ. Дальнейший анализ общего объема очага поражения дает возможность выявить почти всех оставшихся пациентов с КЭИ: они характеризуются показателем &gt;12 см3.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Поражение островка позволяет надежно дифференцировать пациентов с КЭИ и неКЭИ и может рассматриваться как потенциальный маркер кардиоэмболического подтипа ИИ, что требует проведения дальнейших исследований.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиоэмболический инсульт</kwd><kwd>криптогенный инсульт</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>островок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardioembolic stroke</kwd><kwd>cryptogenic stroke</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>insula</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener HC, Hankey GJ. 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