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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-6-55-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Changes in retinal structures as markers of multiple sclerosis progression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменения структур сетчатки глаза как маркеры прогрессирования рассеянного склероза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-0361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попляк</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poplyak</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 197341, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Королева, 5 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 5, Koroleva prosp., Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trufanovart@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-5708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темный</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temniy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-9186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чакчир</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chakchir</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Смолячкова, 14/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 4/1, Smolyachkova St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-527X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Смолячкова, 14/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 4/1, Smolyachkova St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-2863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скулябин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skulyabin</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-8775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бисага</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bisaga</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 2, Akkuratov St., Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-7711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинак</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odinak</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника №102»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Outpatient Clinic № 102, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НО ВО «Университет при Межпарламентской Ассамблее ЕврАзЭС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University under the Interparliamentary Assembly of EurAsEC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Poplyak M.O., Trufanov A.G., Temniy A.V., Maltsev D.S., Chakchir O.B., Mikheev A.V., Skulyabin D.I., Bisaga G.N., Litvinenko I.V., Odinak M.M., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попляк М.О., Труфанов А.Г., Темный А.В., Мальцев Д.С., Чакчир О.Б., Михеев А.В., Скулябин Д.И., Бисага Г.Н., Литвиненко И.В., Одинак М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poplyak M.O., Trufanov A.G., Temniy A.V., Maltsev D.S., Chakchir O.B., Mikheev A.V., Skulyabin D.I., Bisaga G.N., Litvinenko I.V., Odinak M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1705">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1705</self-uri><abstract><p>The involvement of the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology determines the importance of studying the structures of the retina for earlier diagnosis and monitoring the severity of the neurodegeneration. The introduction of the reference method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows high resolution in vivo visualization of the retinal structures.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify changes in various retinal structures in remitting (RMS) and secondary-progressive (SPMS) MS phenotypes.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The study included 80 patients with RMS (n=48) and SPMS (n=32); the control group included 20 age- and sex-adjusted healthy individuals. Clinical assessment was carried out using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). All patients were examined by an ophthalmologist. To assess changes in the retina, OCT was performed using the RTVue XR Avanti apparatus (Optovue, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. We found a significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease in the thickness of the retina of the foveal and parafoveal regions, the thickness of the ganglionic cell complex when comparing the parameters of the retina of the control group and patients with RMS. There was also a significant (p&lt;0.01) decrease in the retinal thickness in the perifoveal region, the thickness of the layer of retinal nerve fibers, the magnitude of focal and global losses. During comparation of the retinal OCT data between patients with RMS and SPMS, we revealed significant differences (p&lt;0.001) in the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, the retinal thickness in the parafoveal and foveal regions, and a significant (p&lt;0.01) decrease in the thickness of the peripheral region, the thickness of the ganglionic cell complex, the volume of focal and global losses. Assessment of the correlations of OCT parameters with the EDSS and MSSS scales in both phenotypes showed a single significant (p&lt;0.05) strong negative correlation (r=-0.70) of the EDSS score and retinal thickness in the foveal region in patients with SPMS.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a domain of criteria for the MS course without signs of disease activity (No Evidence of Disease Activity, NEDA), it is advisable to use retinal OCT with analysis of the retinal thickness in the foveal region, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, the ganglion cell complex for dynamic monitoring of the inflammatory process activity in patients with RMS and assessment of its progression in patients with SPMS.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вовлечение зрительного анализатора в патологический процесс при рассеянном склерозе (РС) определяет важность изучения структур сетчатки глаза в целях ранней диагностики заболевания и мониторинга выраженности нейродегенеративного процесса. Внедрение референтного метода оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) позволяет in vivo визуализировать с высоким разрешением структуры сетчатки глаза.Цель исследования – определить изменения различных структур сетчатки при ремиттирующем (PPC) и вторично-прогрессирующем (ВПРС) фенотипах РС.Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 80 пациентов: с РРС (n=48) и ВПРС (n=32); группу контроля составили 20 здоровых лиц соответствующего возраста и пола. Клиническую оценку проводили по Расширенной шкале оценки степени инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS) и Шкале для оценки тяжести РС (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score, MSSS). Все пациенты были осмотрены офтальмологом. Для оценки изменений сетчатки глаза выполняли ОКТ на аппарате RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, США).Результаты и обсуждение. При сравнении показателей сетчатки глаза лиц контрольной группы и пациентов с РРС нами было установлено статистически значимое (p&lt;0,001) уменьшение толщины сетчатки фовеальной и парафовеальной областей, толщины комплекса ганглионарных клеток. Также выявлено значимое (p&lt;0,01) уменьшение толщины сетчатки перифовеальной области, толщины слоя нервных волокон сетчатки, величины фокальных и глобальных потерь. При сопоставлении данных ретинальной ОКТ между пациентами с РРС и ВПРС нами были выявлены значимые различия (p&lt;0,001) в толщине слоя нервных волокон сетчатки, толщине сетчатки глаза в парафовеальной и фовеальной областях и значимое (p&lt;0,01) уменьшение толщины перифовеальной области, толщины комплекса ганглионарных клеток, величины объема фокальных и глобальных потерь. При оценке корреляционных связей показателей ОКТ со шкалами EDSS и MSSS при обоих рассматриваемых фенотипах была выявлена единственная значимая (p&lt;0,05) сильная отрицательная корреляционная связь (r=-0,70) показателей шкалы EDSS и толщины сетчатки в фовеальной области у пациентов с ВПРС.Заключение. В качестве домена критериев течения РС без признаков активности заболевания (No Evidence of Disease Activity, NEDA) целесообразно использование ретинальной ОКТ с анализом толщины сетчатки в фовеальной области, толщины слоя нервных волокон сетчатки, комплекса ганглионарных клеток для динамического мониторинга активности воспалительного процесса у пациентов с РРС и оценки его прогрессирования у пациентов с ВПРС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>ремиттирующий рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>вторично-прогрессирующий рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>remitting multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaffe GJ, Caprioli J. 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