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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-6-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cardioembolic stroke: classification of causes and prevention strategies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кардиоэмболический инсульт: классификация причин и стратегии профилактики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-2152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонякин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonyakin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория кардионеврологии 2-го неврологического отделения</p><p>Россия, 125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Cardioneurology, Second Neurological Department</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367, Russia </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fonyakin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-1082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гераскина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geraskina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория кардионеврологии 2-го неврологического отделения</p><p>Россия, 125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Cardioneurology, Second Neurological Department</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367, Russia </p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center of Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фонякин А.В., Гераскина Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1695">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1695</self-uri><abstract><p>This literature review covers the diversity of cardioembolic stroke (CES), the heterogeneity of the embolism sources and the morphological characteristics of the embolic substrate. It is emphasized that the determination of the individual tactics of secondary prevention is based on the verification of specific cardiac causes of stroke, for convenience, stratified as pathology of chambers, heart valves and variants of paradoxical embolism (PE). It has been shown that the leading pathology of the heart chambers associated with CES is nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and left ventricular thrombosis, and the main basis for the prevention of stroke in this pathology is oral anticoagulant therapy with direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists (warfarin). The main types of heart valve pathology are prosthetic valves and rheumatic mitral stenosis. In this case, oral anticoagulant therapy also serves as the basis for secondary prevention. In the absence of the need to prescribe anticoagulants (mainly in the pathology of natural heart valves) acetylsalicylic acid is the drug of choice. In infective endocarditis (IE), the basic prevention strategies are antibiotic therapy and surgery. Surgical tactics also remain the main one for the prevention of CES in tumors of the left heart. Transcatheter closure of the patent foramen ovale and occlusion of the left atrial appendage are being introduced into the daily practice of interventional medicine in order to prevent ischemic stroke. A balanced individual approach to the patient, a targeted cardiological examination, a comprehensive analysis of clinical and instrumental data and the reasonable use of funds that have proven their effectiveness and safety in the main strategies for stroke prevention, are essential in effective prevention of CES.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В лекции отражены многообразие кардиоэмболического инсульта (КЭИ), гетерогенность источников эмболии и неоднородность морфологических характеристик эмболического субстрата. Подчеркивается, что определение индивидуальной тактики вторичной профилактики базируется на верификации конкретных кардиальных причин инсульта, для удобства стратифицированных как патология камер, клапанов сердца и варианты парадоксальной эмболии. Показано, что ведущей патологией камер сердца, ассоциированной с КЭИ, служат неклапанная фибрилляция предсердий и тромбоз левого желудочка, а основой профилактики инсульта при данной патологии является пероральная антикоагулянтная терапия с помощью прямых оральных антикоагулянтов либо антагонистов витамина К (варфарин). Основными видами патологии клапанов сердца являются протезированные клапаны и ревматический митральный стеноз. В этом случае основой вторичной профилактики также служит пероральная антикоагулянтная терапия. При отсутствии необходимости назначать антикоагулянты (в основном при патологии естественных клапанов сердца) препаратом выбора является ацетилсалициловая кислота. При инфекционном эндокардите базисными стратегиями профилактики являются антибактериальная терапия и хирургические вмешательства. Хирургическая тактика также остается основной для профилактики КЭИ при опухолях левых отделов сердца. Все шире в повседневную практику интервенционной медицины с целью профилактики ишемического инсульта внедряются транскатетерное закрытие открытого овального окна и окклюзия ушка левого предсердия. Взвешенный индивидуальный подход к пациенту, целенаправленное кардиологическое обследование, комплексный анализ клинико-инструментальных данных и обоснованное использование средств, доказавших свою эффективность и безопасность в рамках основных стратегий профилактики инсульта, закладывают основы действенной профилактики КЭИ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиоэмболический инсульт</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>причины</kwd><kwd>стратегии профилактики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardioembolic stroke</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>causes</kwd><kwd>prevention strategies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при поддержке компании «Пфайзер». В статье выражена позиция авторов, которая может отличаться от позиции компании «Пфайзер».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Publication of this article has been supported by Pfizer. 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