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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-109-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1674</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pathobiochemical pathways of redox imbalance in the neurological long-term effects of COVID-19 and the role of chondroitin sulfate in the redox status restoration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патобиохимические пути развития редокс-дисбаланса при неврологических долгосрочных эффектах COVID-19 и роль хондроитина сульфата в восстановлении редокс-статуса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарвилина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarvilina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Социалистическая, 74</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Vladislavovna Sarvilina</p><p>74, Sotsialisticheskaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isarvilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр хранения и анализа больших данных Национального центра цифровой экономики</p><p>119333, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 44, корп. 2119192, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 27, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Big Data Storage and Analysis Center, National Center for Digital Economy</p><p>42, Vavilova St., Build. 2, Moscow 11933327, Lomonosovsky Prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119192</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129226, Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, First Leonov St., Moscow 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Медицинский центр "Новомедицина"»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Centre «Novomeditsina»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» РАН»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management», Russian Academy of Sciences; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sarvilina I.V., Gromova O.A., Naumov A.V., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сарвилина И.В., Громова О.А., Наумов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sarvilina I.V., Gromova O.A., Naumov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1674">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1674</self-uri><abstract><p>The review examines the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 long-term neurological effects, main pathobiochemical mechanisms, and integrated circuits of redox status impairment in COVID-19, such as the decrease of adenosine triphosphate production, fatty acids levels, acylcarnitine, and amino acids, impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, hypometabolic state, redox imbalance with the increase of peroxides and superoxides, isoprostanes, the decrease of α-tocopherol, substances reacting with thiobarbituric acid, increased nitrosative stress with the increase of inducible synthase of nitric oxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and nitrate. Neuroprotective approaches aimed at suppressing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are presented. Recent data on the relationship between mechanisms of chondroitin sulfate and its derivatives (chondroitin sulfate glycoprotein disaccharide) neuroprotective effects and characteristics of their chemical structure are analyzed. The mechanism of action and neuroprotective effects of chondroitin sulfate and its derivatives in fatigue syndrome in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection are discussed (regulation of the PKC/PI3K/Akt activity, the increase of heme oxygenase-1 level, the decrease of reactive oxygen species). The position that chondroitin sulfate and its derivatives can become promising drugs to prevent the long-term neurological effects of COVID-19 is reasoned.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассмотрены эпидемиология и клинические проявления неврологических долгосрочных эффектов COVID-19, основные патобиохимические механизмы и интегральные схемы нарушения редокс-статуса при COVID-19, такие как уменьшение выработки аденозинтрифосфата, снижение уровней жирных кислот, ацилкарнитина и аминокислот, нарушение окислительного фосфорилирования, нарушение гликолиза, гипометаболическое состояние, редокс-дисбаланс с повышением уровней пероксидов и супероксидов, изопростанов, снижением концентраций α-токоферола, веществ, реагирующих с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, повышенный нитрозативный стресс с увеличением индуцибельной синтазы оксида азота, оксида азота, пероксинитрита и нитрата. Представлены нейропротективные подходы, направленные на подавление эксайтотоксичности, оксидативного стресса и нейровоспаления. Проанализированы современные данные о взаимосвязи механизмов возникновения нейропротективных эффектов хондроитина сульфата и его производных (дисахарид гликопротеина хондроитина сульфата) и особенностей их химической структуры. Обсуждаются механизм действия и нейропротективные эффекты хондроитина сульфата и его производных при синдроме усталости у пациентов, перенесших инфекцию SARS-CoV2 (регуляция активности сигнального пути PKC/PI3K/Akt, увеличение уровня гемооксигеназы-1, уменьшение активных форм кислорода). Аргументирована позиция, согласно которой хондроитина сульфат и его производные могут стать перспективным средством лекарственной профилактики неврологических долгосрочных эффектов COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>неврологические симптомы</kwd><kwd>редокс-статус</kwd><kwd>хондроитина сульфат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>neurological symptoms</kwd><kwd>redox status</kwd><kwd>chondroitin sulfate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при поддержке компании ЗАО «ФармФирма «Сотекс».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Publication of this article has been supported by Sotex PharmFirma.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доступно по ссылке: https://www.who.int/ru/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu C. 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(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3-137-143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
