<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-4-88-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1635</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID syndrome: possible treatment approaches</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможные подходы к терапии астенических и когнитивных нарушений при постковидном синдроме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголепова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolepova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боголепова Анна Николаевна.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Nikolaevna Bogolepova.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Build 10, Moscow 117997.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annabogolepova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осиновская</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osinovskaya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Build 10, Moscow 117997.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Build 10, Moscow 117997.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махнович</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhnovich</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Build 10, Moscow 117997.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России; Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bogolepova A.N., Osinovskaya N.A., Kovalenko E.A., Makhnovich E.V., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боголепова А.Н., Осиновская Н.А., Коваленко Е.А., Махнович Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogolepova A.N., Osinovskaya N.A., Kovalenko E.A., Makhnovich E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1635">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1635</self-uri><abstract><p>Post-COVID syndrome can develop in all patients who have had COVID-19, regardless of the disease severity. Clinical manifestations postCOVID syndrome vary greatly, but the most common symptoms include fatigue, anxiety and depression disorders (ADDs), and cognitive impairment (CI).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cholytilin (choline alfoscerate) and the combined drug MexiB 6 in patients with post-COVID syndrome and fatigue, ADDs, and CI.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The study included 100 patients aged 22 to 71 years who have had COVID-19 5.4 months ago. Inclusion criterion: cognitive complaints, fatigue, and emotional disturbances. The evaluation included neurological exam, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), 10-words list task, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Study participants were divided into two groups. Patients who had ADDs (anxiety/depression level according to HADS ≥8 points; n=50) were prescribed with MexiB 6 (1 tablet three times per day). Patients with CI (mean MoCA score ≤25 points; n=50) were prescribed with Cholytilin (2 capsules (800 mg) in the morning and 1 capsule (400 mg) at lunchtime). The follow-up period was 60 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. According to MoCA scores, a decrease in cognition was observed in 58% of participants, while 28% did not notice CI earlier. ADD fere present in 51%, and fatigue — in 100% of patients. We observed a significant reduction in fatigue severity (from 62.42±7.18 to 52.32±16.36 points; p&lt;0.05) in patients prescribed with MexiB 6. The majority of patients noted a significant increase in physical activity, decreased fatigue, improvement of attention and physical well-being, and increased workplace efficiency. We also found a significant decrease in ADDs severity: ADDs either regressed completely (in 42% of participants) or became subclinical (in 48%; р&lt;0.001). CI severity also reduced according to mean МоСА (from 26.60±1.31 to 27.28±1.39 points; p&lt;0.05) and FAB (from 16.98±1.06 to 17.20±0.90 points; p&lt;0.05) scores. In a subgroup of patients with mild CI treated with Cholytilin mean МоСА (from 23.50±0.99 to 26.36±1.34; р&lt;0.001) and FAB (from 16.02±0.91 to 16.96±0.99; р&lt;0.001) scores significantly increased. Complete regression of CI was observed in 74% of participants (р&lt;0.001). We also found a decrease in ADDs (р&lt;0.001) and fatigue (mean MFI-20 scores decreased from 42.28±10.73 to 35.60±8.10; р&lt;0.001) severity in all study participants.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients who have had COVID-19, regardless of the disease severity, have a high prevalence of fatigue, ADDs and CI, and MexiB 6 and Cholytilin have a potential in their treatment.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Постковидный синдром может развиваться у всех пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, независимо от тяжести заболевания. Клиническая картина постковидного синдрома очень разнообразна, но наиболее распространенными являются астенические нарушения, тревожно-депрессивные расстройства (ТДР) и когнитивные нарушения (КН).</p><p>Цель исследования — оценить эффективность и безопасность терапии астенических нарушений, ТДР и КН у больных, перенесших COVID-19, c применением Холитилина (холина альфосцерата) и комбинированного препарата МексиВ 6.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В исследование было включено 100 пациентов в возрасте от 22 лет до 71 года, перенесших COVID-19 амбулаторно в среднем 5,4 мес назад. Критерием включения являлось наличие жалоб на нарушения когнитивных функций, утомляемость и эмоциональные расстройства. Обследование включало исследование неврологического статуса, использовались Монреальская шкала оценки когнитивных функций (МоСА), Батарея лобной дисфункции (FAB), Тест запоминания 10 слов, Субъективная шкала оценки астении (MFI-20), Госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS). Все пациенты были разделены на две группы. Пациентам с преобладанием ТДР (оценка тревоги/депрессии по HADS ≥8 баллов; n=50) назначался МексиВ 6 по 1 таблетке 3 раза в день. Пациентам с КН (общий балл по МоСА≤25; n=50) назначался холина альфосцерат в режиме 2 капсулы (800 мг) утром и 1 капсула (400 мг) в обед. Общая продолжительность наблюдения составила 60 дней.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Снижение когнитивных функций по данным МоСА было выявлено у58% пациентов, при этом в28% случаев обследуемые не отмечали наличие КН ранее. ТДР были выявлены у 51% больного, астенические нарушения — у 100% обследованных. На фоне терапии МексиВ 6 было получено статистически значимое снижение всех симптомов астении (с 62,42±7,18 до 52,32±16,36 балла; p&lt;0,05). Большинство больных отмечали значительное увеличение активности, снижение чувства усталости, повышение концентрации внимания, увеличение работоспособности, физического самочувствия. Отмечено снижение выраженности ТДР, которые полностью регрессировали (у 42% больных) или стали субклиническими (у 48%; р&lt;0,001). Статистически значимо уменьшилась когнитивная дисфункция по тестам МоСА (с 26,60±1,31 До 27,28±1,39 балла; p&lt;0,05) и FAB (с 16,98±1,06 До 17,20±0,90 балла; p&lt;0,05).</p><p>У пациентов с умеренными КН на фоне терапии холина альфосцератом общий балл по шкале МоСА увеличился с 23,50±0,99 До 26,36±1,34 (р&lt;0,001), по FAB — с 16,02±0,91 до 16,96±0,99 (р&lt;0,001). Полный регресс КН отмечен у 74% больных (р&lt;0,001). У всех пациентов уменьшались ТДР (р&lt;0,001), снижалась выраженность астенических проявлений (общий балл по MFI-20 снизился с 42,28±10,73 до 35,60±8,10; р&lt;0,001)).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, независимо от тяжести заболевания, часто возникают астенические нарушения, ТДР и КН, препаратами выбора для терапии которых могут быть МексиВ 6 и Холитилин.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>МексиВ 6</kwd><kwd>Холитилин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>MexiB 6</kwd><kwd>Cholytilin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией ЗАО «Канонфарма продакшн».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Kanonfarma prodakshn.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court M, et al. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020 Aug 11;370:m3026. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court M, et al. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020 Aug 11;370:m3026. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Post-acute COVID-19: An overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 21;7(12):ofaa509. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509. eCollection 2020 Dec.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Post-acute COVID-19: An overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 21;7(12):ofaa509. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509. eCollection 2020 Dec.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavli A, Theodoridou M, Maltezou HC. Post-COVID syndrome: Incidence, clinical spectrum, and challenges for primary healthcare professionals. Arch Med Res. 2021 May 4;S0188-4409(21)00081-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavli A, Theodoridou M, Maltezou HC. Post-COVID syndrome: Incidence, clinical spectrum, and challenges for primary healthcare professionals. Arch Med Res. 2021 May 4;S0188-4409(21)00081-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goёrtz YMJ, van Herck M, Delbressine JM, et al. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? ERJ Open Res. 2020 Oct 26;6(4):00542-2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00542-2020. eCollection 2020 Oct.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goёrtz YMJ, van Herck M, Delbressine JM, et al. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? ERJ Open Res. 2020 Oct 26;6(4):00542-2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00542-2020. eCollection 2020 Oct.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt EG, et al. Post-discharge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol. 2021;93:1013-22. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt EG, et al. Post-discharge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol. 2021;93:1013-22. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26368</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact. medRxiv preprint. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802; this version posted April 5, 2021. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802v3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact. medRxiv preprint. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802; this version posted April 5, 2021. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802v3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alemanno F, Houdayer E, Parma A, et al. COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: ACOVID-rehabilitation unit experience. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0246590. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246590</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemanno F, Houdayer E, Parma A, et al. COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: ACOVID-rehabilitation unit experience. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0246590. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246590</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Tsakris A. Post-COVID Syndrome: An Insight on Its Pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 12;9(5):497. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050497</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Tsakris A. Post-COVID Syndrome: An Insight on Its Pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 12;9(5):497. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050497</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baig A, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution. Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosc. 2020 Apr 1;11(7):995-8. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baig A, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution. Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosc. 2020 Apr 1;11(7):995-8. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchie K, Chan D, Watermeyer T. The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? Brain Commun. 2020 May 28;2(2):fcaa069. doi: 10.1093/brain-comms/fcaa069. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchie K, Chan D, Watermeyer T. The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? Brain Commun. 2020 May 28;2(2):fcaa069. doi: 10.1093/brain-comms/fcaa069. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhie SJ, Jung EY, Shim I. The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders. J Exerc Rehabil. 2020;16:2-9. doi: 10.12965/jer.2040016.008. eCollection 2020 Feb.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhie SJ, Jung EY, Shim I. The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders. J Exerc Rehabil. 2020;16:2-9. doi: 10.12965/jer.2040016.008. eCollection 2020 Feb.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traini E, Bramanti V, Amenta F. Choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) an old choline- containing phospholipid with a still interesting profile as cognition enhancing agent. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013 Dec;10(10):1070-9. doi: 10.2174/15672050113106660173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Traini E, Bramanti V, Amenta F. Choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) an old choline- containing phospholipid with a still interesting profile as cognition enhancing agent. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013 Dec;10(10):1070-9. doi: 10.2174/15672050113106660173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tayebati SK, Amenta F, Tomassoni D. Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier morphology in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of treatment with choline alphoscerate. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2015;14(3):421-9. doi: 10.2174/1871527314666150225140855</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tayebati SK, Amenta F, Tomassoni D. Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier morphology in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of treatment with choline alphoscerate. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2015;14(3):421-9. doi: 10.2174/1871527314666150225140855</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltezou HC, Raftopoulos V, Vorou R, et al. Association between upper respiratory tract viral load, comorbidities, disease severity, and outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 8;223(7):1132-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa804</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltezou HC, Raftopoulos V, Vorou R, et al. Association between upper respiratory tract viral load, comorbidities, disease severity, and outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 8;223(7):1132-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa804</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendez R, Balanza-Martinez V, Luperdi SC, et al. Short-term neuropsychiatric outcomes and quality of life in COVID-19 survivors. J Intern Med. 2021 Feb 3;10.1111/joim.13262. doi: 10.1111/joim.13262. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendez R, Balanza-Martinez V, Luperdi SC, et al. Short-term neuropsychiatric outcomes and quality of life in COVID-19 survivors. J Intern Med. 2021 Feb 3;10.1111/joim.13262. doi: 10.1111/joim.13262. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilotto A, Cristillo V, Cotti Piccinelli S, et al. COVID-19 severity impacts on long-term neurological manifestation after hospitalisation. medRxiv preprint. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.27.20248903; this version posted January 2, 2021. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.27.20248903v1.full.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilotto A, Cristillo V, Cotti Piccinelli S, et al. COVID-19 severity impacts on long-term neurological manifestation after hospitalisation. medRxiv preprint. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.27.20248903; this version posted January 2, 2021. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.27.20248903v1.full.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berlit P, Frolich L, Forstl H. The «Fourth Wave»? COVID-19 and consecutive cognitive impairment. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 May;146(10):671-6. doi: 10.1055/a-1468-1529</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berlit P, Frolich L, Forstl H. The «Fourth Wave»? COVID-19 and consecutive cognitive impairment. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 May;146(10):671-6. doi: 10.1055/a-1468-1529</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijeratne T, Crewther S. Post-COVID 19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS); a novel syndrome with challenges for the global neurology community. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec 15;419:117179. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijeratne T, Crewther S. Post-COVID 19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS); a novel syndrome with challenges for the global neurology community. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec 15;419:117179. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stefano GB, Buttiker P, Weissenberger S, et al. Editorial: The Pathogenesis of Long-Term Neuropsychiatric COVID-19 and the Role of Microglia, Mitochondria, and Persistent Neuroinflammation: A Hypothesis. Med Sci Monit. 2021 May 10;27:e933015. doi: 10.12659/MSM.933015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stefano GB, Buttiker P, Weissenberger S, et al. Editorial: The Pathogenesis of Long-Term Neuropsychiatric COVID-19 and the Role of Microglia, Mitochondria, and Persistent Neuroinflammation: A Hypothesis. Med Sci Monit. 2021 May 10;27:e933015. doi: 10.12659/MSM.933015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
