<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/20742711-2021-4-52-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1628</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>IncobotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with infantile cerebral palsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение IncobotulinumtoxinA для лечения сиалореи у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куренков Алексей Львович.</p><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Lvovich Kurenkov.</p><p>2, Lomonosovsky prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119296.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119296.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119296.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурсагова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bursagova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119296.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нежельская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nezhelskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119296.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children's Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kurenkov A.L., Kuzenkova L.M., Chernikov V.V., Bursagova B.I., Nezhelskaya A.A., Artemenko A.R., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куренков А.Л., Кузенкова Л.М., Черников В.В., Бурсагова Б.И., Нежельская А.А., Артеменко А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurenkov A.L., Kuzenkova L.M., Chernikov V.V., Bursagova B.I., Nezhelskaya A.A., Artemenko A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1628">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1628</self-uri><abstract><p>Sialorrhea is a severe medical problem that is difficult to treat, which can lead to serious complications. In almost all cases, chronic sialorrhea is accompanied by a restriction of the child's contacts with peers, socialization difficulties, and a significant decrease in the quality of life. Nowadays, botulinum therapy can be an effective tool that significantly reduces sialorrhea manifestation.</p><sec><title>Oblective</title><p>Oblective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) in the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with spastic infantile cerebral palsy (ICP).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. We enrolled 24 children with ICP (14 (58.3%) females, and 10 (41.7%) males) with various disease forms: 4 (16.6%) — with spastic hemiparesis, 6 (25.0%) — with spastic diplegia, and 14 (58.3%) — with spastic quadriparesis. IncobotulinumtoxinA injections were performed bilaterally in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands under ultrasound control at a total dose of 40-100 U (min 1.3, max 4.5 U/kg of body weight). IncobotulinumtoxinA. The Drooling Impact (DIS) and the Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS) were used 1, 3 and 6 months after IncobotulinumtoxinA injections to assess treatment effectiveness.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Botulinum toxin therapy resulted in a significant decrease in saliva discharge from the oral cavity 1 and 3 months after IncobotulinumtoxinA injections, which was demonstrated by a reduction in mean DIS score from 78.6±9.6 (min 62, max 95 points; 95% CI 74.6—82.7) to 48.7±6.7(min 25, max 61 points; 95% CI45.8—51.6) and 52.7±8.5points (min 22, max 65; 95% CI49.1—56.3), respectively, as well as an increase in delta GICSscore up to +1.3+0.8(min 0, max 3points; 95% CI 1.0—1.6) and +1.0+0.7points (min 0, max 3points; 95% CI 0.8—1.3), respectively. Adverse events were observed in 4patients (16.6%), which were classified as mild in 3 patients (did not require special treatment and completely stopped within six days) and moderate in 1 patient (also did not require special treatment and completely stopped within three weeks).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the majority (79.1%) of patients with ICP, it is possible to achieve high efficiency in reducing sialorrhea and this effect persists for at least 3 months.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сиалорея является серьезной медицинской проблемой: она трудно поддается лечению и может приводить к тяжелым осложнениям. Почти всегда хроническая сиалорея сопровождается ограничением контактов ребенка со сверстниками, нарушениями социализации, значительным снижением качества жизни. Сегодня ботулинотерапия может быть тем эффективным инструментом, который в значительной степени уменьшает проявления сиалореи.</p><p>Целью нашей работы была оценка опыта применения препарата Ксеомин (IncobotulinumtoxinA) в лечении сиалореи у пациентов со спастическими формами детского церебрального паралича (ДЦП).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Под нашим наблюдением находилось 24 ребенка с ДЦП, из них 14 (58,3%) девочек и 10 (41,7%) мальчиков, с разными формами заболевания: 4 (16,6%) — со спастическим гемипарезом, 6 (25,0%) — со спастической диплегией и 14 (58,3%) — со спастическим тетрапарезом. Инъекции IncobotulinumtoxinA выполнялись под ультразвуковым контролем билатерально в околоушные и подчелюстные слюнные железы в общей дозе от 40 до 100 ЕД (min 1,3, max 4,5 ЕД/кг массы тела). Для оценки эффективности лечения применяли Шкалу оценки влияния слюнотечения и Шкалу изменения общего впечатления через 1, 3 и6 мес после инъекций IncobotulinumtoxinA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Ботулинотерапия приводила к значимому снижению выделения слюны из полости рта через 1 и 3 мес после проведения инъекций IncobotulinumtoxinA, что было оценено по снижению среднего балла по Шкале оценки влияния слюнотечения с 78,6±9,6(min 62, max 95; 95% ДИ 74,6—82,7) до 48,7±6,7(min 25, max 61; 95% ДИ45,8—51,6) и 52,7±8,5(min 22, max 65; 95% ДИ 49,1—56,3) соответственно и по положительной оценке по Шкале изменения общего впечатления до плюс 1,3±0,8 балла (min 0, max 3; 95% ДИ 1,0—1,6) и плюс 1,0±0,7 балла (min 0, max3; 95% ДИ 0,8—1,3) соответственно. У 4 (16,6%) пациентов были отмечены нежелательные явления, которые были квалифицированы как легкие у трех пациентов (не требовали специального лечения и полностью купировались в течение 6 сут) и умеренной степени выраженности у одного пациента (также не требовало специального лечения и полностью купировалось в течение 3 нед).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У большинства (79,1%) пациентов с ДЦП можно добиться высокой эффективности в снижении сиалореи, и этот эффект сохраняется как минимум в течение 3 мес.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>сиалорея</kwd><kwd>слюнотечение</kwd><kwd>IncobotulinumtoxinA</kwd><kwd>ботулинотерапия</kwd><kwd>Шкала оценки влияния слюнотечения</kwd><kwd>Шкала изменения общего впечатления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infantile cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>sialorrhea</kwd><kwd>salivation</kwd><kwd>IncobotulinumtoxinA</kwd><kwd>botulinum therapy</kwd><kwd>Drooling Impact Scale</kwd><kwd>Global Impression of Change Scale</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией Merz.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Merz.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham HK, Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, et al. Cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Jan 7;2:15082. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.82</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham HK, Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, et al. Cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Jan 7;2:15082. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.82</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Himmelmann K, Panteliadis CP. Clinical Characteristics. In: Panteliadis CP, ed. Cerebral palsy: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer, 2018. P. 75-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himmelmann K, Panteliadis CP. Clinical Characteristics. In: Panteliadis CP, ed. Cerebral palsy: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer, 2018. P. 75-87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Intagliata V, Stevenson R. Feeding and nutrition. In: Dan B, Mayston M, Paneth N, Rosenbloom L, eds. Cerebral palsy: science and clinical practice. London: Mac Keith Press; 2014. P. 601-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Intagliata V, Stevenson R. Feeding and nutrition. In: Dan B, Mayston M, Paneth N, Rosenbloom L, eds. Cerebral palsy: science and clinical practice. London: Mac Keith Press; 2014. P. 601-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakraj AA, Moghimi N, Jabbari B. Sialorrhea: anatomy, pathophysiology and treatment with emphasis on the role of botulinum toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2013 May 21;5(5):1010-31. doi: 10.3390/toxins5051010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakraj AA, Moghimi N, Jabbari B. Sialorrhea: anatomy, pathophysiology and treatment with emphasis on the role of botulinum toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2013 May 21;5(5):1010-31. doi: 10.3390/toxins5051010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dias BL, Fernandes AR, Maia Filho HS. Sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92(6):549-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dias BL, Fernandes AR, Maia Filho HS. Sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92(6):549-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erasmus CE, van Hulst K, Rotteveel JJ, et al. Clinical practice: swallowing problems in cerebral palsy. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(3):409-14. doi: 10.1007/s00431-011-1570-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erasmus CE, van Hulst K, Rotteveel JJ, et al. Clinical practice: swallowing problems in cerebral palsy. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(3):409-14. doi: 10.1007/s00431-011-1570-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fairhurst CB, Cockerill H. Management of drooling in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2011 Feb;96(1):25-30. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.129478. Epub 2010 Jul 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fairhurst CB, Cockerill H. Management of drooling in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2011 Feb;96(1):25-30. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.129478. Epub 2010 Jul 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson H, Scott A. Saliva Management. In: Cichero JAY, Murdoch BE, eds. Dysphagia: Foundation, Theory and Practice. Chichester -New York- Weinheim - Brisbane - Toronto -Singapore: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2006. P. 126-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson H, Scott A. Saliva Management. In: Cichero JAY, Murdoch BE, eds. Dysphagia: Foundation, Theory and Practice. Chichester -New York- Weinheim - Brisbane - Toronto -Singapore: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2006. P. 126-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erasmus CE, van Hulst K, Rotteveel LJ, et al. Drooling in cerebral palsy: hypersalivation or dysfunctional oral motor control? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jun;51(6):454-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03243.x. Epub 2009 Feb 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erasmus CE, van Hulst K, Rotteveel LJ, et al. Drooling in cerebral palsy: hypersalivation or dysfunctional oral motor control? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jun;51(6):454-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03243.x. Epub 2009 Feb 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, et al. State of the evidence traffic lights 2019: systematic review of interventions for preventing and treating children with cerebral palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;20(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, et al. State of the evidence traffic lights 2019: systematic review of interventions for preventing and treating children with cerebral palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;20(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongerius PH, Rotteveel JJ, van den Hoogen F, et al. Botulinum toxin A: a new option for treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Presentation of a case series. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 Aug;160(8):509-12. doi: 10.1007/s004310100784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongerius PH, Rotteveel JJ, van den Hoogen F, et al. Botulinum toxin A: a new option for treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Presentation of a case series. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 Aug;160(8):509-12. doi: 10.1007/s004310100784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddihough D, Erasmus CE, Johnson H, et al; Cerebral Palsy Institute. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult drooling: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17 Suppl 2:109-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03131.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddihough D, Erasmus CE, Johnson H, et al; Cerebral Palsy Institute. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult drooling: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17 Suppl 2:109-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03131.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodwell K, Edwards P, Ware RS, Boyd R. Salivary gland botulinum toxin injections for drooling in children with cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental disability: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012 Nov;54(11):977-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04370.x. Epub 2012 Sep 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodwell K, Edwards P, Ware RS, Boyd R. Salivary gland botulinum toxin injections for drooling in children with cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental disability: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012 Nov;54(11):977-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04370.x. Epub 2012 Sep 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носко АС, Зыков ВП, Комарова ИБ. Коррекция сиалореи в нейропедиатрии. Фокус на препаратах ботулинического токсина типа Акак метод первого ряда выбора. Детская и подростковая реабилитация. 2013;21(2):33-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosko AS, Zykov VP, Komarova IB. Correction of sialorrhea in neuropediatrics. Focus on botulinum toxin type A preparations as a first-line method of choice. Detskaya i podrostkovaya reabilitatsiya. 2013;21(2):33-8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naumann M, Dressler D, Hallett M, et al. Evidence-based review and assessment of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of secretory disorders. Toxicon. 2013;67:141-52. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumann M, Dressler D, Hallett M, et al. Evidence-based review and assessment of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of secretory disorders. Toxicon. 2013;67:141-52. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lungren MP, Halula S, Coyne S, et al. Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A salivary gland injection in children for refractory sialorrhea: 10-year experience at a large tertiary children's hospital. Pediatr Neurol. 2016 Jan;54:70-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Sep 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lungren MP, Halula S, Coyne S, et al. Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A salivary gland injection in children for refractory sialorrhea: 10-year experience at a large tertiary children's hospital. Pediatr Neurol. 2016 Jan;54:70-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Sep 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Hulst K, van Der Burg JJ, Jongerius PH, et al. Changes in severity and impact of drooling after submandibular gland botulinum neurotoxin A injections in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 Mar;62(3):354-62. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14391. Epub 2019 Nov 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Hulst K, van Der Burg JJ, Jongerius PH, et al. Changes in severity and impact of drooling after submandibular gland botulinum neurotoxin A injections in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 Mar;62(3):354-62. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14391. Epub 2019 Nov 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berweck S, Kim H, Banach M, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Efficacy of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 6- to 17-year-old children and adolescents with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S7-S8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berweck S, Kim H, Banach M, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Efficacy of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 6- to 17-year-old children and adolescents with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S7-S8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid SM, Johnson HM, Reddihough DS. The Drooling Impact Scale: a measure of the impact of drooling in children with developmental disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Feb;52(2):e23-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03519.x. Epub 2009 Oct 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid SM, Johnson HM, Reddihough DS. The Drooling Impact Scale: a measure of the impact of drooling in children with developmental disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Feb;52(2):e23-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03519.x. Epub 2009 Oct 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jost WH, Friedman A, Michel O, et al. SIAXI: Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study of incobotulinumtoxinA for sialorrhea. Neurology. 2019 Apr 23;92(17):e1982-e1991. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007368. Epub 2019 Mar 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jost WH, Friedman A, Michel O, et al. SIAXI: Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study of incobotulinumtoxinA for sialorrhea. Neurology. 2019 Apr 23;92(17):e1982-e1991. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007368. Epub 2019 Mar 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berweck S, Bonikowski M, Banach M, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Efficacy and safety of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 2- to 5-year-old children with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S8-S9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berweck S, Bonikowski M, Banach M, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Efficacy and safety of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 2- to 5-year-old children with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S8-S9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savarese R, Diamond M, Elovic E, Millis SR. Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A as a treatment to control sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Apr;83(4):304-11; quiz 312-4, 336. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000104680.28335.b9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savarese R, Diamond M, Elovic E, Millis SR. Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A as a treatment to control sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Apr;83(4):304-11; quiz 312-4, 336. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000104680.28335.b9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alrefai AH, Aburahma SK, Khader YS. Treatment of sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009 Jan;111(1):79-82. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Nov 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alrefai AH, Aburahma SK, Khader YS. Treatment of sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009 Jan;111(1):79-82. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Nov 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongerius PH, van den Hoogen FJ, van Limbeek J, et al. Effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of drooling: a controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2004 Sep;114(3):620-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2003-1104-L</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongerius PH, van den Hoogen FJ, van Limbeek J, et al. Effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of drooling: a controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2004 Sep;114(3):620-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2003-1104-L</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erasmus CE, Scheffer AR, van Hulst K, et al. Does motor performance matter in botulinum toxin efficacy for drooling? Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.02.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erasmus CE, Scheffer AR, van Hulst K, et al. Does motor performance matter in botulinum toxin efficacy for drooling? Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.02.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee KJ, Glasson C, O'Flaherty SJ. Parotid and submandibular botulinum toxin A injections for sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Nov;48(11):883-7. doi: 10.1017/S0012162206001939</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee KJ, Glasson C, O'Flaherty SJ. Parotid and submandibular botulinum toxin A injections for sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Nov;48(11):883-7. doi: 10.1017/S0012162206001939</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid SM, Johnstone BR, Westbury C, et al. Randomized trial of botulinum toxin injections into the salivary glands to reduce drooling in children with neurological disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Feb;50(2):123-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02010.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid SM, Johnstone BR, Westbury C, et al. Randomized trial of botulinum toxin injections into the salivary glands to reduce drooling in children with neurological disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Feb;50(2):123-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02010.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Surmelioglu О, Dagkiran M, Tuncer U, et al. The effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A injections in the management of sialorrhea. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;56(2):111-3. doi: 10.5152/tao.2018.2411</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surmelioglu О, Dagkiran M, Tuncer U, et al. The effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A injections in the management of sialorrhea. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;56(2):111-3. doi: 10.5152/tao.2018.2411</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiigimae-Saar J, Leibur E, Kolk A, et al. Use of botulinum neurotoxin A in uncontrolled salivation in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(12):1540-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.09.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiigimae-Saar J, Leibur E, Kolk A, et al. Use of botulinum neurotoxin A in uncontrolled salivation in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(12):1540-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.09.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клочкова ОА, Куренков АЛ, Каримова ХМ и др. Сиалоррея у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом: эффективность применения ботулинотерапии. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2015;12(4):398-406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klochkova OA, Kurenkov AL, Karimova KhM, et al. Drooling in patients with cerebral palsy: the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A treatment. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya. 2015;12(4):398-406 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isaacson SH, Ondo W, Jackson CE, et al; MYSTICOL Study Group. Safety and efficacy of rimabotulinumtoxinB for treatment of sialorrhea in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Apr 1;77(4):461-9. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isaacson SH, Ondo W, Jackson CE, et al; MYSTICOL Study Group. Safety and efficacy of rimabotulinumtoxinB for treatment of sialorrhea in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Apr 1;77(4):461-9. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sales HF, Cerqueira C, Vaz D, et al. The impact of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome: an observational study. Neurol Res. 2021 Jan;43(1):54-60. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1820698. Epub 2020 Sep 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sales HF, Cerqueira C, Vaz D, et al. The impact of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome: an observational study. Neurol Res. 2021 Jan;43(1):54-60. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1820698. Epub 2020 Sep 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berweck S, Bonikowski M, Kim H, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Safety of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 6-to 17-year-old children and adolescents with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berweck S, Bonikowski M, Kim H, et al; on behalf of the SIPEXI Study Group. Safety of Incobotulinumtoxin/A in the treatment of 6-to 17-year-old children and adolescents with chronic sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Toxicon. 2020;190:S8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
