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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-2-47-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1539</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Gender differences in the clinical course of depression in bipolar disorder</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гендерные различия в клинической картине депрессии и течении биполярного аффективного расстройства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тювина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyuvina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 11, Rossolimo Str., Build. 9, Moscow 119021, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natuvina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 11, Rossolimo Str., Build. 9, Moscow 119021, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 11, Rossolimo Str., Build. 9, Moscow 119021, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вербицкая</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verbitskaya</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 11, Rossolimo Str., Build. 9, Moscow 119021, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра психиатрии и наркологии Института  клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный  медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tyuvina N.A., Stolyarova A.E., Morozova D.V., Verbitskaya M.S., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тювина Н.А., Столярова А.Е., Морозова В.Д., Вербицкая М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyuvina N.A., Stolyarova A.E., Morozova D.V., Verbitskaya M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1539">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1539</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> Objective</title><p> Objective: to investigate gender differences in patients with depression and bipolar disorder (BD) and their impact on the clinical course of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. 50 women and 50 men with bipolar disorder (BD) (F31 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision – ICD-10) were examined using a specially developed survey. Patients symptoms was assessed in  accordance with the diagnostic criteria of affective disorders  according to ICD-10 and DSM-V, MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg  Depression Rating Scale) and Q-LES-Q-SF (Scoring the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire). </p></sec><sec><title> Results and discussion</title><p> Results and discussion. Gender differences in the clinical  course of BP were revealed. In men the disease usually starts  with a mania phase followed by a marked mood increase in BD- I, a shorter period before the first mania (hypomania) if the  onset is with the depression phase, mood swings and substance use disorders in puberty, which makes the diagnosis easier. In  women BD diagnosis may be harder due to higher frequency of BD-II, clinical presentation with depression, longer period  before the first mania (hypomania). Therefore the most  important clinical markers of BD in women include the early  onset of the disease, its association with neurohormonal factors,  history of affective variability, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, hereditary or comorbid eating disorder in  puberty or later in life. The most common clinical features  during the depression phase in men include: seasonal fluctuation (worsening of symptoms in autumn and winter) and diurnal variations (improvement of symptoms in the evening), numbed emotions, depersonalization-derealization syndrome, decreased libido, difficulty in falling asleep and increased appetite and/or body mass, comorbid depression, panic attacks and alcohol and substance abuse. The depression in women with BD is characterized by a higher prevalence of apathy, tearfulness, self-harm, body dysmorphic disorder, decreased appetite. Both male and female patients with depression and BD have a high level of anxiety, presence of psychomotor retardation, self-accusation and irritancy, 10% had atypical features according to the DSM-V criteria. Women have a higher proportion of depressive episodes (including rapid cycling BD) and a higher risk of suicidal behavior, and men, due to a higher frequency of manic phases, change partners and have a history of divorce significantly more often.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The revealed features of psychopathological  symptoms, comorbid disorders, the course of the disease and  correlations between individual characteristics and factors due  to gender differences, can be used as markers of bipolarity,  which will allow to diagnose BD earlier and more accurately and prescribe adequate therapy. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p> Цель исследования – изучение гендерных особенностей депрессии в рамках биполярного аффективного расстройства (БАР) и влияния их на течение заболевания.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. С помощью специально разработанной карты обследованы 50 женщин и 50 мужчин с БАР (F31 по Международной классификации болезней 10-го пересмотра – МКБ-10). Состояние больных оценивали в соответствии с диагностическими критериями аффективных расстройств по МКБ-10 и Диагностического и  статистического руководства по психическим расстройствам 5-го  пересмотра (DSM-V), шкалами MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression  Rating Scale) и Q-LES-Q-SF (Scoring the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены различия в клинической картине и течении БАР у мужчин и женщин. Заболевание у мужчин чаще начинается с маниакальной фазы, сопровождается выраженными  подъемами настроения в рамках БАР I типа, меньшим периодом до  первой мании (гипомании) в случае дебюта с депрессивной фазы,  колебаниями настроения и аддиктивными расстройствами в пубертате,  что облегчает диагностический поиск. У женщин постановка диагноза  БАР осложнена более частым течением по II типу БАР, началом с депрессивной фазы, длительным периодом до первой мании (гипомании). В связи с этим для женщин большое значение приобретают такие клинические маркеры биполярности, как ранний возраст начала заболевания, связь дебюта заболевания с  нейрогормональными факторами, отягощенная аффективными  колебаниями, аддиктивными расстройствами, шизофренией наследственность и наличие коморбидного расстройства пищевого  поведения в подростковом и более позднем возрасте. В структуре  депрессивной фазы у мужчин чаще встречаются: выраженная  сезонность (с ухудшением в осенне-зимнее время) и суточные  колебания состояния (с улучшением к вечеру), анестезия чувств,  деперсонализационно-дереализационный синдром, снижение либидо, трудность засыпания и повышение аппетита и/или массы тела, коморбидные депрессии панические атаки и злоупотребление алкоголем и психоактивными веществами. Депрессии в рамках БАР у  женщин отличаются более частым присутствием апатии, плаксивости,  самоповреждений, дисморфофобических включений, снижения аппетита. У пациентов обоих полов депрессия в рамках БАР сопровождается высоким уровнем тревоги, наличием ассоциативной и  двигательной заторможенности, идей самообвинения и  раздражительности, в 10% случаев она имела черты атипичности в  соответствии с критериями DSM-V. У женщин больше удельный вес депрессивных эпизодов (в том числе за счет быстроциклического течения) и выше риск суицидального поведения, а мужчины вследствие большего количества маниакальных фаз значимо чаще меняют  партнеров и имеют разводы в анамнезе. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные особенности психопатологической  симптоматики, коморбидных расстройств, течения болезни и  корреляционные связи между отдельными характеристиками и  факторами с учетом гендерных различий могут использоваться как  маркеры биполярности, что позволит проводить более раннюю и  точную диагностику БАР и назначать адекватную терапию.  </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>биполярное аффективное расстройство</kwd><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>депрессия у женщин</kwd><kwd>депрессия у мужчин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>bipolar disorder</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>sex</kwd><kwd>depression in women</kwd><kwd>depression in men</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clemente AS, Diniz BS, Nicolato R, et al. 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