<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-1-81-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1512</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (analysis of clinical cases)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Депрессии в период пандемии COVID-19 (разборы клинических случаев)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дороженок</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorozhenok</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Юрьевич Дороженок</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor Yuryevich Dorozhenok</p><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 11999134, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idoro@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Dorozhenok I.Y., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дороженок И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorozhenok I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1512">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1512</self-uri><abstract><p>Currently, in various world regions, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders due to the impact of coronavirus infection is repeatedly increased compared to that in previous years. Among the predictors of their development during the pandemic, there are COVID-19 symptoms, a history of mental disorders, as well as restrictive measures, and financial losses.</p><p>The paper describes three clinical cases of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the depiction of the anamnesis, somatic and mental status, the patholopsychogical qualification of the condition, and the justification of a therapy regimen. The multifactorial stressor effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an exacerbation of depression in a male patient with a history of affective disorder; the development of a nosogenic depressive reaction of demoralization in a female patient with coronavirus pneumonia; the worsening of somatization dysthymia in a female patient of involutional age. The timely recognition of depression and its treatment with currently available antidepressants have contributed to the achievement of high-quality remission, the increase of stress resistance, and the improvement of quality of life in the patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время в различных регионах планеты выявляется обусловленный воздействием коронавирусной инфекции многократно повышенный в сравнении с предыдущими годами уровень распространенности депрессивных и тревожных расстройств. Среди предикторов их развития в условиях пандемии фигурируют: симптомы COVID-19, наличие в анамнезе психических расстройств, ограничительные меры, финансовые потери.</p><p>Представлены три клинических случая депрессивных расстройств в период пандемии COVID-19 с описанием анамнеза, соматического и психического статуса, психопатологической квалификацией состояния, обоснованием схемы терапии. Многофакторное стрессогенное воздействие пандемии COVID-19 спровоцировало экзацербацию депрессии у пациента с аффективным расстройством в анамнезе; развитие нозогенной депрессивной реакции деморализации у пациентки с коронавирусной пневмонией; утяжеление течения соматизированной дистимии у пациентки инволюционного возраста. Своевременное распознавание и лечение депрессии современными антидепрессантами способствовали достижению качественной ремиссии, повышению устойчивости к стрессу и улучшению качества жизни пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>нозогенная реакция</kwd><kwd>дистимия</kwd><kwd>антидепрессанты</kwd><kwd>милнаципран</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>nosogenic reaction</kwd><kwd>dysthymia</kwd><kwd>antidepressants</kwd><kwd>milnacipran</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Фарм Фирма «Сотекс». Спонсор участвовал в разработке проекта исследования и поддержке исследовательской программы, а также принятии решения о представлении статьи для публикации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Sotex PharmFirma. The sponsor has participated in the development of the investigation project and supported the investigation program, as well as in the decision to submit the article for publication.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCracken LM, Badinlou F, Buhrman M, Brocki KC. Psychological impact of COVID-19 in the Swedish population: Depression, anxiety, and insomnia and their associations to risk and vulnerability factors. Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 26;63(1):e81. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.81</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCracken LM, Badinlou F, Buhrman M, Brocki KC. Psychological impact of COVID-19 in the Swedish population: Depression, anxiety, and insomnia and their associations to risk and vulnerability factors. Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 26;63(1):e81. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.81</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi L, Lu ZA, Que JY, et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the General Population in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jul 1;3(7):e2014053. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi L, Lu ZA, Que JY, et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the General Population in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jul 1;3(7):e2014053. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asmundson GJG, Paluszek MM, Landry CA, et al. Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping? J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Aug;74:102271. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102271. Epub 2020 Jul 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asmundson GJG, Paluszek MM, Landry CA, et al. Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping? J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Aug;74:102271. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102271. Epub 2020 Jul 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iob E, Frank Ph, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Levels of Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among At-Risk Groups in the UK During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct;3(10):e2026064. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iob E, Frank Ph, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Levels of Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among At-Risk Groups in the UK During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct;3(10):e2026064. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Rheenen TE, Meyer D, Neill E, et al. Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. J Affect Disord. 2020 Oct 1;275:69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037. Epub 2020 Jul 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Rheenen TE, Meyer D, Neill E, et al. Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. J Affect Disord. 2020 Oct 1;275:69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037. Epub 2020 Jul 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069. Epub 2020 Apr 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069. Epub 2020 Apr 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med. 2020. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000999. Epub. 2020 Mar 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med. 2020. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000999. Epub. 2020 Mar 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu D, Baumeister RF, Veilleux JC, et al. Risk factors associated with mental illness in hospital discharged patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Oct;292:113297. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113297. Epub 2020 Jul 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu D, Baumeister RF, Veilleux JC, et al. Risk factors associated with mental illness in hospital discharged patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Oct;292:113297. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113297. Epub 2020 Jul 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poyraz BC, Poyraz CA, Olgun Y, et al. Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Nov 28;295:113604. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113604. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poyraz BC, Poyraz CA, Olgun Y, et al. Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Nov 28;295:113604. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113604. Online ahead of print.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al; COVID-19 BioB Outpatient Clinic Study group; Benedetti F. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:594-600. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037. Epub 2020 Jul 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al; COVID-19 BioB Outpatient Clinic Study group; Benedetti F. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:594-600. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037. Epub 2020 Jul 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenze EJ, Mattar C, Zorumski CF, et al. Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Nov 12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22760. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenze EJ, Mattar C, Zorumski CF, et al. Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Nov 12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22760. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020 14-20 March;395(10227): 912-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8. Epub 2020 Feb 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020 14-20 March;395(10227): 912-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8. Epub 2020 Feb 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo J, Feng XL, Wang XH, van IJzendoorn MH. Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 29;17(11):3857. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113857</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo J, Feng XL, Wang XH, van IJzendoorn MH. Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 29;17(11):3857. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113857</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:559-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049. Epub 2020 Apr 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:559-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049. Epub 2020 Apr 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Omari O, Al Sabei S, Al Rawajfah O, et al. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Youth at the Time of COVID-19: An Online Cross-Sectional Multicountry Study. Depress Res Treat. 2020 Oct 6;2020:8887727. doi: 10.1155/2020/8887727. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Omari O, Al Sabei S, Al Rawajfah O, et al. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Youth at the Time of COVID-19: An Online Cross-Sectional Multicountry Study. Depress Res Treat. 2020 Oct 6;2020:8887727. doi: 10.1155/2020/8887727. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kujawa A, Green H, Compas BE, et al. Exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1280-8. doi: 10.1002/da.23109. Epub 2020 Nov 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kujawa A, Green H, Compas BE, et al. Exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1280-8. doi: 10.1002/da.23109. Epub 2020 Nov 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
