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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2021-1-24-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Causes of ischemic stroke in patients younger than 45 years: analysis of data from the regional vascular center</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Причины ишемического инсульта у пациентов моложе 45 лет: анализ данных регионального сосудистого центра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулеш</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulesh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Кулеш</p><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kulesh</p><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 6149902, KIM St., Perm 614107 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksey.kulesh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуриева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurieva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 6149902, KIM St., Perm 614107</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 26614107, Пермь, ул. КИМ, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 6149902, KIM St., Perm 614107</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ ПК «Городская клиническая больница №4»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital Four</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kulesh A.A., Nurieva Y.A., Syromyatnikova L.I., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулеш А.А., Нуриева Ю.А., Сыромятникова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulesh A.A., Nurieva Y.A., Syromyatnikova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1502">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1502</self-uri><abstract><p>In young patients, the causes of ischemic stroke (IS) are substantially different from those in older patients. Understanding the causes of the disease in patients younger than 45 years is needed to elaborate examination algorithms used in the country’s vascular departments.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to present the nosological characteristics of IS in patients younger than 45 years according to the hospital register of the regional vascular center.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The data of the hospital register of the neurological unit for patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders, who were in the Perm Territorial Vascular Center, City Clinical Hospital Four, in 2014 to 2020, were analyzed. The analysis included 126 patients under the age of 45 years with IS verified by magnetic resonance imaging.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The pathogenetic subtypes of IS according to the TOAST criteria were large artery atherosclerosis [n=10 (7.9%)], cardioembolism [n=27 (21.4%)], small vessel disease [n=15 (11.9%)], IS of other determined etiology [n=23 (18.3%)], and IS of undetermined etiology [n=51 (40.5%)]. After excluding incomplete examination cases (n=29), the most common causes of IS were cardiac embolism (patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, prosthetic valves, acute infective endocarditis, and chronic cardiac aneurysm) (27.8%), large artery disease (atherosclerosis and unspecified arteriopathy) (21.6%), small artery disease (15.5%), as well as cervical and cerebral artery dissection (10.3%). Cryptogenic stroke was observed in 13% of patients. There was a preponderance of cryptogenic IS in the age subgroup of 21–25 years, cardiac embolism (mainly patent foramen ovale) in the subgroup of 26–35 years; the proportions of cardiac embolism, large and small artery diseases, and dissections were comparable in the subgroup of 36–40 years; large and small artery diseases prevailed in the subgroup of 41–44 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The most common causes of IS in 18–44-year-old patients are cardiac embolism (mainly through the mechanism of paradoxical embolism) and large artery disease, including dissection. The etiology of IS depended on age: cardiac embolism prevailed in the younger age range, whereas large and small artery diseases were dominant in the older age range.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>У пациентов молодого возраста причины ишемического инсульта (ИИ) значительно отличаются от таковых в старших возрастных группах. Понимание причин заболевания у пациентов моложе 45 лет необходимо для формирования алгоритмов обследования, применимых в сосудистых отделениях страны.</p><p>Цель исследования – представить нозологическую характеристику ИИ у пациентов моложе 45 лет по данным госпитального регистра регионального сосудистого центра.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Проанализированы данные госпитального регистра неврологического отделения для больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения, находившихся в региональном сосудистом центре Пермского края «Городская клиническая больница №4» за период с 2014 по 2020 г. В анализ включено 126 пациентов в возрасте до 45 лет с верифицированным по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии ИИ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Патогенетические подтипы ИИ по критериям TOAST: атеросклероз крупных артерий – 10 (7,9%), кардиоэмболия – 27 (21,4%), патология мелких сосудов – 15 (11,9%), ИИ другой установленной этиологии – 23 (18,3%), ИИ неустановленной этиологии – 51 (40,5%). После исключения случаев с неполным исследованием (n=29) наиболее частыми причинами ИИ явились: кардиальная эмболия (открытое овальное окно, дефект межпредсердной перегородки, протезированные клапаны, острый инфекционный эндокардит и хроническая аневризма сердца) – 27,8%, патология крупных артерий (атеросклероз и неуточненная артериопатия) – 21,6%, патология мелких артерий – 15,5%, а также цервикальная и церебральная диссекция – 10,3%. Криптогенный инсульт наблюдался у 13% пациентов. В подгруппе 21–25 лет доминировал криптогенный ИИ, в подгруппе 26–35 лет кардиальная эмболия (преимущественно открытое овальное окно), в подгруппе 36–40 лет были сопоставимы доли кардиальной эмболии, патологии крупных артерий, патологии мелких артерий и диссекции, в подгруппе 41–44 лет преобладала патология крупных и мелких артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наиболее частыми причинами ИИ у пациентов в возрасте 18–44 лет являются кардиальная эмболия (преимущественно по механизму парадоксальной эмболии) и патология крупных артерий, в том числе диссекция. Этиология ИИ зависела от возраста: в младшем возрастном диапазоне превалировала кардиальная эмболия, тогда как в старшем – патология крупных и мелких артерий.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>молодые пациенты</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>открытое овальное окно</kwd><kwd>диссекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>young patients</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>patent foramen ovale</kwd><kwd>dissection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bejot Y, Bailly H, Durier J, Giroud M. Epidemiology of stroke in Europe and trends for the 21 st century. Presse Med. 2016 Dec;45(12 Pt 2):e391-e398. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Nov 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bejot Y, Bailly H, Durier J, Giroud M. Epidemiology of stroke in Europe and trends for the 21 st century. 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