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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-6-61-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mapping the limb muscle motor points for targeted administration of botulinum toxin in the treatment of focal and segmental spasticity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Картирование моторных точек мышц конечностей для таргетного введения ботулинического токсина при лечении фокальной и сегментарной спастичности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Павлович Коваленко</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Pavlovich Kovalenko</p><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvlnko73@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синельников</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinelnikov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199106, Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>85, Bolshoy Prospect, Vasilievsky Ostrov, Saint Petersburg 199106</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамигулов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamigulov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмедов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Городская Покровская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Pokrovskaya Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kovalenko A.P., Sinelnikov K.A., Shamigulov V.D., Akhmedov N.N., Shamina E.M., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко А.П., Синельников К.А., Шамигулов В.Д., Ахмедов Н.Н., Шамина Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko A.P., Sinelnikov K.A., Shamigulov V.D., Akhmedov N.N., Shamina E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1472">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1472</self-uri><abstract><p>Spasticity treatment remains an urgent problem of modern neurorehabilitation. The targeted injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) into the muscle motor points (MPs) is gaining more and more popularity. But there are insufficient data on the position of MPs, while a MP search methodology has not been worked out yet. Most information about MPs has been obtained on cadaveric material using anatomical dissection or Sihler’s staining technique. Clinical data on the targeted injection of BoNT into the MPs are contradictory, which may be due to the inaccurate determination of their position.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to verify upper and lower limb muscle MPs through electromyography (EMG).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. Forty healthy volunteers were examined and underwent anthropometric assessment. Upper and lower limb muscle projections were completely scanned using EMG and ultrasound.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The anatomical localization of MPs in the upper and lower limb muscles involved in spasticity patterns was determined. The position of MPs was found to populationally identical, to have a slight deviation associated with the limb length, and to be unrelated to gender, age, and limb dominance. Original tables and maps for limb MP localization were created.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The findings can enhance the efficiency of BoNT administration and improve the quality of rehabilitation measures, since the use of reliable information on the position of MPs will allow targeted BoNT injection in the immediate vicinity of the site of biological action. In clinical practice, this opens a window of opportunity for the early initiation of rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring movement.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Лечение спастичности остается актуальной проблемой современной нейрореабилитации. Идея таргетного введения ботулинического нейротоксина (БоНТ) в моторные точки (МТ) мышц приобретает все большую популярность. Но данных о расположении МТ недостаточно, а методология поиска МТ не отработана. Большинство сведений о МТ получено на трупном материале с помощью анатомической диссекции или окрашивания по Sihler. Клинические данные о таргетном введении БоНТ в МТ противоречивы, что может быть следствием неточностей в определении расположения МТ.</p><p>Цель исследования – с помощью электромиографии (ЭМГ) верифицировать МТ мышц верхних и нижних конечностей.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 40 здоровых добровольцев. Выполнена антропометрия. Проведено полноценное сканирование проекции мышц верхних и нижних конечностей с использованием ЭМГ и ультразвука.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Определена анатомическая локализация МТ мышц верхних и нижних конечностей, участвующих в формировании паттернов спастичности. Выявлено, что расположение МТ популяционно идентично, имеет незначительную девиацию в зависимости от длины конечности и не зависит от пола, возраста и доминантности конечности. Созданы оригинальные таблицы и карты локализации МТ конечностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные могут повысить эффективность введения БоНТ и повысить качество реабилитационных мероприятий, так как использование достоверной информации о расположении МТ позволит применять таргетное введение БоНТ в непосредственной близости от места биологического действия. В клинической практике это открывает окно возможностей для раннего начала реабилитационных мероприятий, направленных на восстановление движения.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моторная точка мышцы</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>ботулинический нейротоксин</kwd><kwd>электромиография</kwd><kwd>схема расположения моторных точек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muscle motor point</kwd><kwd>spasticity</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>botulinum neurotoxin</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>motor point location scheme</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Ипсен»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper has been sponsored by Ipsen</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Искра ДА, Коваленко АП, Кошкарев МА, Дыскин ДЕ. 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