nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-104-110nnp-1455Research ArticleREVIEWSОБЗОРЫAssisted reproductive technologies: psychoneurological, moral-ethical, and socio-cultural aspectsПсихоневрологические, морально-этические и социокультурные аспекты вспомогательных репродуктивных технологийТювинаН. А.TyuvinaN. A.

Нина Аркадьевна Тювина

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11

Nina A. Tyuvina

11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021

natuvina@yandex.ruНиколаевскаяА. О.NikolaevskayaA. O.

305041, Курск, ул. К. Маркса, 3

3, K. Marx St., Kursk 305041

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation202025102020125104110Copyright © Tyuvina N.A., Nikolaevskaya A.O., 20202020Тювина Н.А., Николаевская А.О.Tyuvina N.A., Nikolaevskaya A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1455

The paper provides a definition of sexual and reproductive health and infertility and also reflects modern ideas about ways to overcome infertility using assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy. It shows the specificity of the impact of an IVF procedure on the mental health of a potential mother. The features of the neonatal health status, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders in babies born using the IVF procedure are described. The authors present two types of surrogacy (traditional and gestational ones) and the features of their use in different countries according to governmental legislative regulation, socioeconomic and religious factors, and cultural traditions in society. They unveil the features of a psychological relationship between the mother (surrogate and presumed one) and the fetus. The consequences of surrogacy for a surrogate mother, genetic parents, and a child himself/herself are noted to be little studied. It is shown that the development of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF and surrogacy), on the one hand, helps fight infertility and, on the other hand, entails a number of problems (moral and ethical, legal, cultural and religious, socioeconomic, and neuropsychiatric ones) that need to be solved in order to prevent psychological, neurological, and mental abnormalities in all the participants (a surrogate mother, an unborn child, and potential parents) in the assisted reproductive process:

В статье дано определение сексуального и репродуктивного здоровья, бесплодия, а также отражены современные представления о способах преодоления бесплодия методом вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ): экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) и суррогатного материнства. Показана специфика влияния процедуры ЭКО на психическое здоровье потенциальной матери. Описаны особенности состояния здоровья новорожденных и психоневрологические расстройства у детей, рожденных с помощью процедуры ЭКО. Представлены два типа суррогатного материнства (традиционный и гестационный), особенности их использования в разных странах в зависимости от государственного законодательного регулирования, социально-экономических, религиозных факторов и культурных традиций в обществе. Раскрыты особенности психологической связи между матерью (суррогатной и предполагаемой) и плодом. Отмечена малая изученность последствий суррогатного материнства для суррогатной матери, генетических родителей и самого ребенка. Показано, что развитие вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ЭКО и суррогатного материнства), с одной стороны, помогает бороться с бесплодием, а с другой – влечет за собой целый ряд проблем (морально-этических, юридических, культурно-религиозных, социально-экономических, нейропсихиатрических), которые необходимо решать в целях профилактики психологических, неврологических и психических отклонений у всех участников вспомогательного репродуктивного процесса: суррогатной матери, будущего ребенка и потенциальных родителей.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.