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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-53-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1447</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The phenomenon of codependency: psychological and medical genetic aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Психологические и медико-генетические аспекты феномена созависимости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожнова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhnova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Михайловна Рожнова</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Rozhnova</p><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stm-i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>C. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малыгин</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malygin</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20, Delegatskaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ениколопов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikolopov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское ш., 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2, </p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build 2, Moscow 119991, </p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. N.P. Bochkov Research Center of Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Rozhnova T.M., Kostyuk S.V., Malygin V.L., Enikolopov S.N., Nikolenko V.N., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рожнова Т.М., Костюк C.В., Малыгин В.Л., Ениколопов С.Н., Николенко В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rozhnova T.M., Kostyuk S.V., Malygin V.L., Enikolopov S.N., Nikolenko V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1447">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1447</self-uri><abstract><p>Addictive behavioral disorders are multifactorial diseases with clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic heterogeneity, a high comorbidity with other disorders, and a low curability. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of non-chemical forms of addictive behavior have not been sufficiently studied, which makes it difficult to search for effective therapeutic procedures.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the psychological and genetic components of a non-chemical addictive disorder as the phenomenon of codependency.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 256 women who were divided into three comparison groups: 1) those with the phenomenon of codependency, 2) phenotypically healthy women; 3) a population sample. Psychometric testing was carried out using the «Hand Test» by E. Wagner (adapted by A.I. Gerasimov and S.N. Enikolopov) and the clinical and genealogical characteristics of women with the phenomenon of codependency were studied. Results and discussion. There was a statistically significant predominance of the level of aggressiveness as autoaggression in the structure of the personality profile of women with the phenomenon of codependency (t=2.924–3.015; p=0.004–0.005). The clinical and genealogical characteristics of persons with addictive behavioral disorder as the phenomenon of codependency suggest that there is a statistically significantly high frequency of secondary alcoholism among first-degree and second-degree relatives or both and first-degree male relatives (p&lt;0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The phenomenon of codependency as a non-chemical addiction includes psychological and genetic components. Women with codependency had autoaggressive destructive behavior patterns and a family history of alcoholism. The identified psychogenic characteristics can be considered as a risk for an addictive disease and somatoform disorders.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Расстройства поведения зависимого характера относятся к мультифакториальным заболеваниям с клинической, нейрофизиологической и генетической гетерогенностью, высокой коморбидностью с другими расстройствами и низкой курабельностью. Этиопатогенетические механизмы нехимических форм зависимого поведения изучены недостаточно, что затрудняет поиск эффективных терапевтических методик.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить психологический и генетический компоненты аддиктивного расстройства нехимического генеза в форме феномена созависимости.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В исследование включены 256 женщин, которые были распределены в три группы сравнения: женщины с наличием феномена созависимости, фенотипически здоровые и популяционная выборка. Проведено психометрическое тестирование с использованием «Теста руки» Э. Вагнера (адаптация А.И. Герасимова и С.Н. Ениколопова) и изучены клинико-генеалогические характеристики женщин с наличием феномена созависимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В структуре личностного профиля женщин с наличием феномена созависимости выявлено статистически достоверное преобладание уровня агрессивности в форме аутоагрессии (t=2,924–3,015; р=0,004–0,005). Клинико-генеалогические характеристики лиц с расстройством поведения аддиктивного характера в форме феномена созависимости свидетельствуют о наличии статистически значимо высокой частоты секундарного алкоголизма среди родственников I, II и обеих степеней родства, а также родственников мужского пола I степени родства (р&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Феномен созависимости как нехимическая форма аддикции включает психологический и генетический компоненты. Для женщин с наличием созависимости характерны аутоагрессивные паттерны деструктивного поведения и наследственная отягощенность алкогольной зависимостью. Наличие выявленных психогенетических характеристик можно рассматривать как риск развития аддиктивной патологии и соматоформных расстройств.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психическое здоровье</kwd><kwd>зависимость</kwd><kwd>созависимость</kwd><kwd>алкоголизм</kwd><kwd>родословная</kwd><kwd>наследственная отягощенность</kwd><kwd>психогенетика</kwd><kwd>генетическая детерминированность</kwd><kwd>генетика поведения</kwd><kwd>соматоформные расстройства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mental health</kwd><kwd>dependence</kwd><kwd>codependency</kwd><kwd>alcoholism</kwd><kwd>pedigree</kwd><kwd>hereditary load</kwd><kwd>psychogenetics</kwd><kwd>genetic determinancy</kwd><kwd>behavioral genetics</kwd><kwd>somatoform disordersmental health</kwd><kwd>dependence</kwd><kwd>codependency</kwd><kwd>alcoholism</kwd><kwd>pedigree</kwd><kwd>hereditary load</kwd><kwd>psychogenetics</kwd><kwd>genetic determinancy</kwd><kwd>behavioral genetics</kwd><kwd>somatoform disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global health estimates 2016: disease burden by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016 [online database]. 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