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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-46-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>On the heterogeneity of depression in Parkinson’s disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К вопросу о гетерогенности депрессии при болезни Паркинсона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нодель</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nodel</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Романовна Нодель</p><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p> 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11,</p><p>129226, Москва, 1-я ул. Леонова, 16 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina R. Nodel</p><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021,</p><p>16, First Leonov St., Moscow 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nodell_m@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхно</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhno</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии</p><p> 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Russian Research and Clinical Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Nodel M.R., Yakhno N.N., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нодель М.Р., Яхно Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nodel M.R., Yakhno N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1446">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1446</self-uri><abstract><p>Depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the leading manifestations of the disease, which reduces quality of life in patients.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to compare the clinical features of depression at different stages of PD.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 162 PD patients aged 62.14±1.99 years without dementia (PD duration, 5.78±0.58 years; Stage, 2.5±0.6). The Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberger Inventory, the 16-Item PD Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), and the Starkstein Apathy Scale were examined. Dopaminergic agents (DAAs) were prescribed when movement disorders were insufficiently corrected. Antidepressants were not used during the investigation. The follow-up period was 18 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Depression was detected in 136 (84%) patients. Depression symptoms appeared in 16 (12%) patients within 1–8 years before the onset of motor symptoms (MS), in 37 (27%) in the first 2 years after the onset of MS, in 44 (32%) at Hoehn–Yahr stages 2–3 without motor fluctuations (MFs), and in 39 (29%) at the onset of MF. The most severity of depression was noted in cases of its development at the premotor stage and in the period of MF occurrence. During the follow-up, the manifestations of depression disappeared in 16% of the patients taking a DAA; these were relapsing-remitting in 9%, progressive in 11%, or remained stable in 64%. The patients with depression occurring at the premotor stage had a progressive course of depression and a low DAA efficacy: an increase in severity in 30% of cases despite therapy and a reversal in only 10% of cases (versus 25–45% of those at depression onset in the presence of MS). In cases of depression occurring in the first 2 years after MS onset, its reversal was observed in 45%; the group of patients with depression onset in the presence of MF showed a stable course with slight severity fluctuations in 77.8%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Depression in PD is a heterogeneous affective disorder. There is a relatively favorable course of depression when the latter occurs in the first two years of MS onset. Along with DAA inefficacy, the more severity of depression is noted when the latter occurs in the premotor phase of PD and at the stage of MF.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Депрессия при болезни Паркинсона (БП) – одно из ведущих проявлений заболевания, снижающих качество жизни больных.</p><p>Цель исследования – сравнение клинических особенностей депрессии на разных стадиях БП.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Обследованы 162 пациента с БП без деменции (возраст – 62,14±1,99 года, длительность БП – 5,78±0,58 года, стадия – 2,5±0,6). Применялись Унифицированная шкала оценки БП, опросники Бека, Спилбергера, утомляемости при БП (PFS-16), шкала апатии Старкштейна. При недостаточной коррекции двигательных нарушений назначались дофаминергические препараты (ДАП). Антидепрессанты во время исследования не применялись. Длительность наблюдения составила 18 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Депрессия была выявлена у 136 (84%) пациентов. У 16 (12%) пациентов симптомы депрессии появились за 1–8 лет до развития двигательных симптомов (ДС), у 37 (27%) – в первые 2 года от начала ДС, у 44 (32%) – на 2–3-й стадиях по Хен–Яру без двигательных флуктуаций (ДФ) и у 39 (29%) с возникновением ДФ. Большая тяжесть депрессии отмечена в случаях ее развития на додвигательной стадии и в период возникновения ДФ. В ходе наблюдения проявления депрессии у 16% больных на фоне приема ДАП исчезли, у 9% они имели ремиттирующее течение, у 11% – нарастали, у 64% – оставались стабильными. У пациентов с началом депрессии на додвигательной стадии отмечались прогрессирующее течение депрессии и низкая эффективность ДАП: нарастание тяжести в 30% случаев несмотря на терапию, регресс – лишь в 10% случаев (в сравнении с 25–45% при начале депрессии на фоне ДС). В случаях депрессии с началом в первые 2 года после появления ДС ее регресс отмечался у 45% больных; в группе пациентов с появлением депрессии на фоне ДФ у 77,8% отмечалось ее устойчивое течение с небольшими колебаниями степени тяжести.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Депрессия при БП является неоднородным аффективным расстройством. Относительно благоприятный вариант течения депрессии наблюдается при ее возникновении в первые 2 года от появления ДС. Большая тяжесть депрессии, наряду с неэффективностью ДАП, отмечается при ее возникновении на додвигательной стадии БП и на этапе ДФ.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>течение</kwd><kwd>гетерогенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>course</kwd><kwd>heterogeneity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aarsland D, Pahlhagen S, Ballard CG, et al. Depression in Parkinson disease – epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011 Dec 26;8(1):35-47. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aarsland D, Pahlhagen S, Ballard CG, et al. Depression in Parkinson disease – epidemiology, mechanisms and management. 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