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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-4-107-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1423</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment: cerebral microbleeds as a new risk factor and possibilities of anticoagulant therapy (Part 2)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фибрилляция предсердий и когнитивные нарушения: церебральные микрокровоизлияния как новый фактор риска и возможности антикоагулянтной терапии (часть 2)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Дмитриевна Остроумова</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Dmitrievna Ostroumova</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 1259938, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ostroumova O.D., Kochetkov A.I., Ostroumova T.M., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Кочетков А.И., Остроумова Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroumova O.D., Kochetkov A.I., Ostroumova T.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1423">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1423</self-uri><abstract><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment (CI) are among the most important problems of the modern health care system, which are characterized by an extremely high prevalence with the increasing trend of the latter; they lead to lower quality of life, shorter duration, and a larger number of disabled people. The specific feature of AF and CI is the presence of common risk factors. To date, the data of an increasing number of studies allow cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) to be considered as a new risk factor for CI, inter alia in patients with AF. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the role of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in the prevention of CI in AF, which is reflected in a number of studies and meta-analyses. In terms of the effect of OACs on the risk of CMBs, there is reason to believe that the latter increases with the use of warfarin, the effects of direct OACs (DOAC) in this regard require further investigation. At the same time, among the DOACs, apixaban is the only drug that has been proven to have no negative effect on the risk of CMBs in a randomized controlled clinical trial. In general, the available data indicate the positive effect of OACs in reducing the risk of CI and dementia in AF; moreover, DOACs have an advantage in this respect. Among the DOACs, apixaban is promising due to its optimal efficacy and safety profile.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) и когнитивные нарушения (КН) относятся к числу важнейших проблем современного здравоохранения, характеризующихся крайне высокой распространенностью с тенденцией к увеличению последней, они ведут к снижению качества жизни, сокращению ее продолжительности, а также увеличивают число нетрудоспособных лиц. Особенностью ФП и КН является наличие общих факторов риска. На сегодняшний день данные все большего числа исследований позволяют рассматривать церебральные микрокровоизлияния (ЦМК) как новый фактор риска КН, в том числе у пациентов с ФП. В последние годы особое внимание уделяется роли оральных антикоагулянтов (ОАК) в профилактике КН при ФП, что отражено в ряде исследований и метаанализов. С точки зрения влияния ОАК на риск ЦМК есть основания считать, что он увеличивается при использовании варфарина, эффекты же прямых ОАК (ПОАК) в этом аспекте требуют дальнейшего изучения. Вместе с тем единственным препаратом среди ПОАК, в отношении которого доказано отсутствие негативного эффекта на риск ЦМК в рамках рандомизированного контролируемого клинического исследования, является апиксабан. В целом, имеющиеся данные указывают на положительное влияние ОАК на снижение риска КН и деменции при ФП, причем преимуществом здесь обладают прямые ПОАК. Среди ПОАК перспективным является апиксабан, обладающий оптимальным профилем эффективности и безопасности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>церебральные микрокровоизлияния</kwd><kwd>оральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>cerebral microbleeds</kwd><kwd>oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при поддержке компании «Пфайзер».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Publication of this article has been supported by Pfizer.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson D, Jäger HR, Werring DJ. 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