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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-2-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Echographic features of the structure of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid ischemic stroke</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эхографические особенности структуры атеросклеротических бляшек при каротидном ишемическом инсульте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">vishau@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердалин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdalin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелюк</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyuk</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелюк</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyuk</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр цереброваскулярной патологии и инсульта» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vishnyakova A.Y., Berdalin A.B., Golovin D.A., Lelyuk S.E., Lelyuk V.G., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишнякова А.Ю., Бердалин А.Б., Головин Д.А., Лелюк С.Э., Лелюк В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnyakova A.Y., Berdalin A.B., Golovin D.A., Lelyuk S.E., Lelyuk V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1300">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1300</self-uri><abstract><p>An assessment of not only the degree of stenosis, but also the structure of atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs) in the carotid arteries can reveal atheromas that are dangerous for the development of cerebrovascular events in asymptomatic individuals.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the echostructure of ASPs in patients in the acutest period of carotid ischemic stroke (IS) and to analyze predictors for its development according to ultrasonic duplex scanning (DS).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. A study group included the results of DS in 668 patients (370 men and 298 women aged  63±11 and 69±9 years, respectively) with IS in the middle cerebral artery bed. Out of 222 patients, 160 (72.1%), 56 (25.2%), 4 (1.8%), and 2 (0.9%) people had atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, hemodynamic, and lacunar subtypes of IS, respectively. A control group consisted of 903 asymptomatic individuals matched to the patients for gender and age.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In patients with IS, carotid stenoses were characterized by the higher degree of a reduction in the lumen of both the internal carotid arteries (ICA): on the right (r) (53±23%) and left (l) (54±24%) sides, and the common carotid arteries (CCA): on both sides (40±12%) compared to asymptomatic individuals: rICA (40±14%), lICA (39±15%); and both CCAs (32±9%). At the same time, ASPs in the carotid arteries in the acutest period of IS were significantly more frequently homogeneous hypoechoic (21.2%) or heterogeneous with a hypoechoic component (25.6%), and also more frequently had an uneven contour in the rICA (41.3%) and lICA (33.6%), compared to those in asymptomatic individuals (hypoechoicity (7.0 and 5.6%, respectively); the uneven contour was in the rICA (3.2%) and lICA (4.0%). The study indicated that a set of echo signs (the degree of stenosis in the ICA and CCA; the homogeneity and hypoechoicity of ASP in the ICA; the uneven contour of ASP in the carotid arteries) was formed for primary ultrasound carotid stenosis screening carried out using a routine DStechnique. Additional studies that can more accurately identify ASPs that are dangerous for the development of cerebral vascular events are recommended for asymptomatic individuals with ASP and the above signs, which will determine their treatment policy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Atheromas in the carotid arteries in the acutest period of IS are different from those in asymptomatic individuals by a number of features identified during routine ultrasonic DS. The most valuable individual prognostic sign of the development of carotid IS was the uneven contour of ASP in the carotid arteries.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Оценка не только степени стеноза, но и структуры атеросклеротических бляшек (АСБ) в сонных артериях может позволить выявить опасные для развития церебральных сосудистых событий атеромы у бессимптомных лиц.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение эхоструктуры АСБ у пациентов в острейшем периоде каротидного ишемического инсульта (ИИ), анализ предикторов его развития по данным ультразвукового дуплексного сканирования (ДС).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В основную группу включены результаты ДС 668 пациентов (370 мужчин и 298 женщин в возрасте 63±11 и 69±9 лет соответственно) с ИИ в бассейне средней мозговой артерии. Из 222 пациентов у 160 (72,1%) был атеротромботический подтип ИИ, у 56 (25,2%) – кардиоэмболический, у 4 (1,8%) – гемодинамический, у 2 (0,9%) – лакунарный. Группа контроля была сформирована из бессимптомных лиц (n=903), сопоставимых с больными по полу и возрасту.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов с ИИ каротидные стенозы характеризовались более высокой степенью редукции просвета как внутренних сонных артерий (ВСА): правой (п) – 53±23%, левой (л) – 54±24%, так и общих сонных артерий (ОСА): с обеих сторон – 40±12% по сравнению с бессимптомными лицами: пВСА – 40±14%, лВСА – 39±15%, обеих ОСА – 32±9%. При этом АСБ в сонных артериях в острейшем периоде ИИ достоверно чаще были однородными гипоэхогенными (21,2%) либо гетерогенными с гипоэхогенным компонентом (25,6%), а также чаще имели неровный контур (пВСА – в 41,3% случаев, лВСА – в 33,6%), по сравнению с таковыми у бессимптомных лиц (гипоэхогенность – 7,0 и 5,6% соответственно; неровный контур в пВСА – 3,2%, в лВСА – 4,0%).В результате исследования сформирован комплекс эхопризнаков для первичного ультразвукового скрининга каротидных стенозов, проводимого с помощью рутинной методики ДС: степень стеноза ВСА и ОСА; однородность и гипоэхогенность АСБ в ВСА; неровный контур бляшки в сонных артериях. Бессимптомным лицам, имеющим АСБ с указанными признаками, рекомендуются дополнительные методы исследования, позволяющие с большей точностью выявить опасные для развития церебральных сосудистых событий бляшки, что поможет определить тактику их лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Атеромы в сонных артериях в острейшем периоде ИИ отличались от таковых у бессимптомных лиц рядом особенностей, выявленных при рутинном ультразвуковом ДС. Наиболее ценным индивидуальным прогностическим признаком развития каротидного ИИ явился неровный контур АСБ в сонных артериях. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каротидный ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз сонных артерий</kwd><kwd>эхоструктура атеросклеротической бляшки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carotid ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic duplex scanning</kwd><kwd>carotid artery atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>atherosclerotic plaque echostructure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания №056-00171-19-01. Регистрационный номер темы АААА-А19-119042590018-0" от 29 марта 2019.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the State task №056-00171-19-01. The registration number of the topic AAAA-A19-119042590018-0" dated March 29, 2019.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скворцова ВИ, редактор. Инсульт. Клиническое руководство. Москва: МЕДпресс информ; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skvortsova VI, editor. Insul't. Klinicheskoe rukovodstvo [Stroke. Clinical guide]. Moscow: MEDpress inform; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelisek J, Eckstein H, Zernecke A. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability: Impact on Ischemic Stroke. 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Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018; 3(2):92-100. doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
