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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2020-2-17-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pharmacogenetics of the safety of phenazepam in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: haplotype and combinatorial analyses of polymorphic variants in the pharmacokinetic factor genes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакогенетика безопасности феназепама при синдроме отмены алкоголя: гаплотипический и комбинаторный анализ полиморфных вариантов генов фармакокинетических факторов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темирбулатов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temirbulatov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акмалова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akmalova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Застрожин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zastrozhin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>Россия, 109390, Москва, ул. Люблинская, 37/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 125993, Russia</p><p>37/1, Lyublinskaya St., Moscow 109390, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюн</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryun</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>Россия, 109390, Москва, ул. Люблинская, 37/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 125993, Russia</p><p>37/1, Lyublinskaya St., Moscow 109390, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">Dmitry.alex.sychev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; &#13;
ГБУЗ Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы «Московский научно-практический центр наркологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Moscow Research and Practical Center of Addictions, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ivashchenko D.V., Tereshchenko O.V., Temirbulatov I.I., Akmalova K.A., Grishina E.A., Zastrozhin M.S., Savchenko L.M., Bryun E.A., Sychev D.A., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иващенко Д.В., Терещенко О.В., Темирбулатов И.И., Акмалова К.А., Гришина Е.А., Застрожин М.С., Савченко Л.М., Брюн Е.А., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashchenko D.V., Tereshchenko O.V., Temirbulatov I.I., Akmalova K.A., Grishina E.A., Zastrozhin M.S., Savchenko L.M., Bryun E.A., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1299">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1299</self-uri><abstract><p>Phenazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer that is widely used in Russia. The drug is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isozymes. Since their substrates have an affinity for P-glycoprotein, the polymorphic variants in the ABCB1 gene may affect the safety of this drug.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze associations between the CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and the safety of phenazepam treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 102 patients diagnosed with uncomplicated AWS (IDC-10 code F10.30). All the patients were followed up for 6 days within which they took phenazepam. 5-ml venous blood samples were collected from each patient for genotyping. The carriage of  CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17, CYP2C9*2, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T, and  2677G&gt;T/A polymorphic variants was determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Therapy safety was evaluated using the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale on day 6. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS Statistics 21.0. Haplotype and combinatorial analyses were performed using SNPStats.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The greater subjective severity of adverse reactions (ARs) was shown for the homozygotes of ABCB1 1236C&gt;T CC (odds ratio (OR), 2.154; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.271–3.650; p=0.014) and ABCB1 2677G&gt;T GG (OR, 2.154; 95% CI, 1.271–3.650; p=0.014). On the contrary, a combinatorial analysis revealed the role of ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T, and 2677G&gt;T polymorphic alleles as predictors for the greater subjective severity of ARs. The following statistically significant polymorphic variant combinations were ABCB1 3435-1236–2677 and T-T-T-CYP3A5*3 isozymes (OR=5.03; 95% CI, 1.65–15.34; p=0.0056); T-T-T-CYP2C9*1 (OR=3.61; 95% CI, 1.31–9.92; p=0.015); T-T-T-CYP2C19*1 (OR=2.52; 95% CI, 1.05–6.08; p=0.042). Attention disorders were also established to be associated with the carriage of T-T-T-CYP2D6*1 (OR=2.58; 95 CI, 1.08–6.13; p=0.035).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The carriage of ABCB1 3435-2677-1236 (T-T-T) haplotype is significantly associated with the greater severity of ARs in phenazepam-treated patients with AWS.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Феназепам – бензодиазепиновый транквилизатор, широко применяемый в России. Метаболизм феназепама осуществляется изоферментами цитохрома P450 семейства CYP3A. Поскольку их субстраты имеют сродство к P-гликопротеину, возможно влияние полиморфных вариантов гена ABCB1 на безопасность данного препарата.</p><p>Цель исследования – анализ ассоциации полиморфизмов генов CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 и ABCB1 с безопасностью терапии феназепамом при синдроме отмены алкоголя (СОА).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В исследование было включено 102 пациента с диагнозом неосложненного СОА (F10.30 по МКБ-10). Все пациенты наблюдались 6 сут, в течение которых принимали феназепам. У каждого пациента было взято 5 мл венозной крови для генотипирования. Носительство полиморфных вариантов CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, *17, CYP2C9*2, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T и 2677G&gt;T/A определялось методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. На 6-е сутки оценивалась безопасность проводимой терапии посредством шкалы оценки нежелательных эффектов (UKU Side Effect Rating Scale).  Статистическая обработка проведена в программе SPSS Statistics 21.0. Гаплотипический и комбинаторный анализ выполнен с помощью программы SNPStats.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Большая субъективная выраженность неблагоприятных реакций (НР) была показана для гомозигот ABCB1 1236C&gt;T CC (отношение шансов, ОШ 2,154; 95% доверительный интервал, ДИ 1,271–3,650; p=0,014) и ABCB1 2677G&gt;T GG (ОШ 2,154; 95% ДИ 1,271–3,650; p=0,014). Комбинаторный анализ, напротив, выявил роль полиморфных аллелей ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T и 2677G&gt;T как предикторов большей субъективной выраженности НР. Статистически значимыми были следующие сочетания полиморфных  вариантов гена ABCB1 3435-1236-2677 и изоферментов цитохрома P450: T-T-T-CYP3A5*3 (OШ 5,03; 95% ДИ 1,65–15,34; p=0,0056); T-T-T-CYP2C9*1 (OШ 3,61; 95% ДИ 1,31–9,92; p=0,015); T-T-T-CYP2C19*1 (OШ 2,52; 95% ДИ 1,05–6,08; p=0,042). Также установлена ассоциация нарушений концентрации внимания с носительством TT-T-CYP2D6*1 (OШ 2,58; 95% ДИ 1,08–6,13; p=0,035). </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Носительство гаплотипа ABCB1 3435-2677-1236 (T-T-T) значимо связано с усилением выраженности НР у пациентов с СОА, принимающих феназепам. </p><p>Феназепам – бензодиазепиновый транквилизатор, широко применяемый в России. Метаболизм феназепама осуществляется изоферментами цитохрома P450 семейства CYP3A. Поскольку их субстраты имеют сродство к P-гликопротеину, возможно влияние полиморфных вариантов гена ABCB1 на безопасность данного препарата.</p><p>Цель исследования – анализ ассоциации полиморфизмов генов CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 и ABCB1 с безопасностью терапии феназепамом при синдроме отмены алкоголя (СОА).</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В исследование было включено 102 пациента с диагнозом неосложненного СОА (F10.30 по МКБ-10). Все пациенты наблюдались 6 сут, в течение которых принимали феназепам. У каждого пациента было взято 5 мл венозной крови для генотипирования. Носительство полиморфных вариантов CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, *17, CYP2C9*2, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T и 2677G&gt;T/A определялось методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. На 6-е сутки оценивалась безопасность проводимой терапии посредством шкалы оценки нежелательных эффектов (UKU Side Effect Rating Scale).  Статистическая обработка проведена в программе SPSS Statistics 21.0. Гаплотипический и комбинаторный анализ выполнен с помощью программы SNPStats.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Большая субъективная выраженность неблагоприятных реакций (НР) была показана для гомозигот ABCB1 1236C&gt;T CC (отношение шансов, ОШ 2,154; 95% доверительный интервал, ДИ 1,271–3,650; p=0,014) и ABCB1 2677G&gt;T GG (ОШ 2,154; 95% ДИ 1,271–3,650; p=0,014). Комбинаторный анализ, напротив, выявил роль полиморфных аллелей ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, 1236C&gt;T и 2677G&gt;T как предикторов большей субъективной выраженности НР. Статистически значимыми были следующие сочетания полиморфных  вариантов гена ABCB1 3435-1236-2677 и изоферментов цитохрома P450: T-T-T-CYP3A5*3 (OШ 5,03; 95% ДИ 1,65–15,34; p=0,0056); T-T-T-CYP2C9*1 (OШ 3,61; 95% ДИ 1,31–9,92; p=0,015); T-T-T-CYP2C19*1 (OШ 2,52; 95% ДИ 1,05–6,08; p=0,042). Также установлена ассоциация нарушений концентрации внимания с носительством TT-T-CYP2D6*1 (OШ 2,58; 95% ДИ 1,08–6,13; p=0,035). </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Носительство гаплотипа ABCB1 3435-2677-1236 (T-T-T) значимо связано с усилением выраженности НР у пациентов с СОА, принимающих феназепам. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>феназепам</kwd><kwd>синдром отмены алкоголя</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>гаплотипы</kwd><kwd>цитохромы P450</kwd><kwd>P-гликопротеин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phenazepam</kwd><kwd>alcohol withdrawal syndrome</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>haplotypes</kwd><kwd>cytochromes P450</kwd><kwd>P-glycoprotein</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект №18-315-00005.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This investigation has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Projects No. 18-315-00005.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ладыженский МЯ, Городничев АВ, Костюкова ЕГ. 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