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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3-4-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>he amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: past and present, hopes and disappointments</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Амилоидная гипотеза болезни Альцгеймера: прошлое и настоящее, надежды и разочарования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirlobzin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колмакова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolmakova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лупанов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lupanov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киливаева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilivaeva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ализаде</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alizade</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Litvinenko I.V., Emelin A.Y., Lobzin V.Y., Kolmakova K.A., Naumov K.M., Lupanov I.A., Kilivaeva G.A., Alizade M.R., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко И.В., Емелин А.Ю., Лобзин В.Ю., Колмакова К.А., Наумов К.М., Лупанов И.А., Киливаева Г.А., Ализаде М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Litvinenko I.V., Emelin A.Y., Lobzin V.Y., Kolmakova K.A., Naumov K.M., Lupanov I.A., Kilivaeva G.A., Alizade M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1166">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1166</self-uri><abstract><p>In 1887, S.A. Belyakov, a physician of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, first described amyloid deposits in the brain of patients with dementia. Later, in 1906, A. Alzheimer revealed amyloid plaques and tau tangles in a patient with clinical signs of dementia. Over the following 100 years, the development of the concept of the amyloid origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) confirmed numerous relationships between the brain accumulation of APs and cognitive decline. And if at the beginning of the amyloid era many researchers considered that the disease was caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) protein overproduction, in recent years they have increasingly pointed to a defect in the mechanisms of Aβ clearance, especially after the discovery of the lymphatic system of the brain. The role of disturbed homeostasis of redox-active metals, primarily iron and copper, in the development of the disease is also considered.</p><p>The amyloid hypothesis of AD has served as the basis for several areas in the design of drugs, such as secretase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs for active and passive immunization. However, only one drug (Akatinol memantine, an inhibitor of NMDA receptors and glutamatergic excitotoxicity) for the treatment of AD has been introduced into clinical practice over the past 20 years. Of interest are the data obtained in new studies of Akatinol memantine, which suggest that the latter is able to some extent affect the main pathophysiological processes underlying the development of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer-type pathology. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 1887 г. врач Императорской медико-хирургической академии С.А. Беляков впервые описал отложения амилоида в головном мозге больных с деменцией. Позже, в 1906 г., А. Альцгеймер выявил у больной с клиническими признаками слабоумия амилоидные бляшки (АБ) и тау-клубки. На протяжении следующих 100 лет, в ходе развития концепции амилоидного происхождения болезни Альцгеймера (БА), были подтверждены многочисленные связи между накоплением АБ в мозге и когнитивным снижением. И если в начале «амилоидной эпохи» многие исследователи считали причиной болезни гиперпродукцию бета-амилоидного белка (Аβ), то в последние годы все чаще указывают на дефект механизмов клиренса Аβ, особенно после открытия глимфатической системы головного мозга. Также рассматривается роль в развитии заболевания нарушения гомеостаза редокс-активных металлов, в первую очередь железа и меди.</p><p>Амилоидная гипотеза БА послужила основой для нескольких направлений в разработке лекарственных средств: ингибиторов ферментов-секретаз, иммуномодулирующих препаратов для активной и пассивной иммунизации. Однако за последние 20 лет в клиническую практику внедрен лишь один препарат для лечения БА – Акатинол мемантин, ингибитор NMDA-рецепторов и глутаматергической эксайтотоксичности. Представляют интерес данные, полученные в новых исследованиях Акатинола мемантина, указывающие на его способность в определенной степени влиять на основные патофизиологические процессы, лежащие в основе развития когнитивных нарушений при патологии альцгеймеровского типа. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>амилоидная гипотеза</kwd><kwd>амилоидные бляшки</kwd><kwd>лечение болезни Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>тау-протеин</kwd><kwd>секретазы</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>amyloid hypothesis</kwd><kwd>amyloid plaques</kwd><kwd>treatment of Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>tau protein</kwd><kwd>secretase</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация статьи поддержана ООО «Мерц Фарма».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков СА. 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