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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3S-46-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Diagnosis of the phenomenon of cognitive-motor dissociation in patients with chronic consciousness disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика феномена когнитивно-моторного разобщения у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белкин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>623700, Свердловская обл., г. Березовский, ул. Шиловская, 28-6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28-6, Shilovskaya St., Berezovsky, Sverdlovsk Region 623700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belkin@neuro-ural.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздняков</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>623700, Свердловская обл., г. Березовский, ул. Шиловская, 28-6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28-6, Shilovskaya St., Berezovsky, Sverdlovsk Region 623700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>623700, Свердловская обл., г. Березовский, ул. Шиловская, 28-6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28-6, Shilovskaya St., Berezovsky, Sverdlovsk Region 623700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический институт мозга ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет»&#13;
Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Brain Institute, Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3S</issue><issue-title>Спецвыпуск: когнитивные нарушения, цереброваскулярные заболевания</issue-title><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Belkin V.A., Pozdnyakov D.G., Belkin A.A., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белкин В.А., Поздняков Д.Г., Белкин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belkin V.A., Pozdnyakov D.G., Belkin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1133">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1133</self-uri><abstract><p>Locked-in syndrome in basilar artery thrombosis is a classic example of dissociation between preserved consciousness and complete deefferentation as total myoplegia with preserved vertical eye movement. Something similar is observed in post-comatose patients, described under the name “functional locked-in syndrome”, and is also a clinical reflection of the phenomenon of cognitive-motor dissociation (CMD). Diagnosis of this condition in a patient with chronic consciousness disorders indicates that there may be a cognitive imprint, which gives a chance for the maximum realization of the rehabilitation potential of latent consciousness as an exit to the clinical level of small consciousness or creation of a brain-interface. In any case, this patient should be given an extended rehabilitation program.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to search for the optimal set of clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods, allowing the identification of CMD in patients with chronic consciousness disorder.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The 2016–2018 prospective single-center study enrolled patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) who had received a treatment cycle at the Clinical Brain Institute (Yekaterinburg). The study included 39 patients (22 men, 17 women) aged 19 to 71 years who had sustained various cerebral injuries (traumatic, hypoxic, and acute vascular disease-associated) in different periods (from 32 to 2431 days) before being included in the study. All the patients underwent 5-fold clinical assessments according to the Coma Recovery ScaleRevised (CRS-R) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) in order to determine the time course of changes in the activity of the cortical motor centers at the time of presentation of verbal paradigms. Registration of the changes was assessed as the presence of a cognitive imprint and served as a criterion for diagnosing CMD as a positive predictor for the outcome of UWS. The outcome of the state was analyzed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 180 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Positive changes (GOS &gt;3) were noted in 10 (66%) patients with established CMD; the patients who had not diagnosed as having the cognitive potential showed a further increase in the level of cognition in 3 (12.5%) cases. Whether the identified sign could be used in the comprehensive prediction of chronic consciousness disorder was discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of TMS in diagnosing the phenomenon of CMD optimizes the routing of patients, for whom intensive rehabilitation can contribute to more favorable long-term outcomes. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Синдром «запертого человека» при тромбозе основной артерии представляет собой классический пример диссоциации между сохранным сознанием и полной деэфферентацией в виде тотальной миоплегии с сохранным вертикальным движением глаз. Нечто подобное наблюдается у пациентов в посткоматозном состоянии, описано под названием «синдром функционально запертого человека» («functional locked in syndrome») и также является клиническим отражением феномена когнитивно-моторного разобщения (КМР). Факт диагностики данного состояния у пациента с хроническими нарушениями сознания указывает на вероятность присутствия когнитивного следа, что дает шанс на максимальную реализацию реабилитационного потенциала скрытого сознания в виде выхода на клинический уровень «малого сознания» или установления коммуникации по типу «мозг–интерфейс». В любом случае такому пациенту должна быть предоставлена расширенная реабилитационная программа.</p><p>Целью исследования был поиск оптимальной комбинации методов клинической и инструментальной диагностики, позволяющей выявить КМР у пациентов с хроническим нарушением сознания.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В проспективное моноцентровое исследование в период с 2016 по 2018 г. включены пациенты с синдромом безответного бодрствования (СББ), прошедшие курс лечения на базе Клинического института мозга (Екатеринбург). В исследование включены 39 пациентов (22 мужчины, 17 женщин) в возрасте от 19 лет до 71 года, перенесших различные церебральные повреждения (травматическое, гипоксическое, на фоне острого сосудистого заболевания) в различные сроки до включения в исследование (от 32 до 2431 дня). Всем пациентам были проведены 5-кратная клиническая оценка по шкале CRS-R, навигационная транскраниальная стимуляция (нТМС) для определения динамики активности моторных центров коры в момент подачи вербальных парадигм. Регистрация динамики оценивалась как присутствие когнитивного следа и служила критерием диагностики КМР как положительного предиктора прогноза исхода СББ. Проанализирован исход состояния по Шкале исходов Глазго (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS) через 180 дней.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Положительная динамика (GOS &gt;3) отмечена у 10 (66%) пациентов с установленным наличием КМР; среди пациентов, у которых в ходе диагностики не был обнаружен когнитивный потенциал, дальнейшее повышение уровня сознания отмечалось в 3 (12,5%) случаях. Обсуждается возможность использования выявленного признака в комплексном прогнозировании исходов хронического нарушения сознания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование ТМС в диагностике феномена КМР оптимизирует маршрутизацию пациентов, у которых интенсивная реабилитация может способствовать более благоприятным долгосрочным исходам. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения сознания</kwd><kwd>вегетативное состояние</kwd><kwd>синдром безответного бодрствования</kwd><kwd>малое сознание</kwd><kwd>навигационная транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>consciousness disorders</kwd><kwd>autonomic state</kwd><kwd>unresponsive wakefulness syndrome</kwd><kwd>small consciousness</kwd><kwd>navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giacino JT, Katz DI, Schiff ND, et al. 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