nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3S-18-25nnp-1129Research ArticleLECTURESЛЕКЦИЯNeuroimaging techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular diseases with cognitive impairmentНейровизуализационные методы диагностики болезни Альцгеймера и цереброваскулярных заболеваний, сопровождающихся когнитивными нарушениямиЛитвиненкоИ. В.LitvinenkoI. V.

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044

ЕмелинА. Ю.EmelinA. Yu.

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044

ЛобзинВ. Ю.LobzinV. Yu.

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044

КолмаковаК. А.KolmakovaK. A.

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

6, Academician Lebedev St., Saint Petersburg 194044

ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны РоссииРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of RussiaRussian Federation201923062019113SСпецвыпуск: когнитивные нарушения, цереброваскулярные заболевания1825Copyright © Litvinenko I.V., Emelin A.Y., Lobzin V.Y., Kolmakova K.A., 20192019Литвиненко И.В., Емелин А.Ю., Лобзин В.Ю., Колмакова К.А.Litvinenko I.V., Emelin A.Y., Lobzin V.Y., Kolmakova K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1129

The paper provides data on current neuroimaging techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment (CN). Structural neuroimaging methods can identify potentially treatable diseases leading to dementia and assess the magnitude and localization of atrophic and cerebrovascular changes in brain tissue. Particular attention is paid to the specific signs of Alzheimer’s disease: to the visual assessment of sections and the use of various rating scales (GCA, MTA, Koedam). Vascular changes that are most significant for the development of CI are considered. A new approach to diagnosing CI is presented, by taking into account the biomarkers of amyloidosis, tauopathy, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular damage. The results of the authors’ own investigations using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest allow these techniques to be recommended for the early diagnosis of CI of different genesis.

В статье приведены данные о современных методах нейровизуализационной диагностики болезни Альцгеймера и сосудистых когнитивных нарушений (КН). Методы структурной нейровизуализации позволяют выявить потенциально излечимые заболевания, приводящие к деменции, а также оценить выраженность и локализацию атрофических и цереброваскулярных изменений мозговой ткани. Особое внимание уделяется специфическим признакам болезни Альцгеймера: визуальной оценке срезов, применению различных оценочных шкал (GCA, МТА, Koedam). Рассмотрены сосудистые изменения, наиболее значимые для развития КН. Представлен новый подход к диагностике КН с учетом биомаркеров амилоидоза, таупатии, нейродегенерации и цереброваскулярного повреждения. Результаты собственных исследований с применением позитронно-эмиссионной, однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии и функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии покоя позволяют рекомендовать эти методы для ранней диагностики КН различного генеза.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.