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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2-12-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-1094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Possible timing for anticoagulation therapy initiation in ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: further analysis of the hemorrhagic transformation index</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможные сроки начала антикоагулянтной терапии у больных с ишемическим инсультом и фибрилляцией предсердий: последующий анализ индекса геморрагической трансформации (Hemorrhagic Transformation Index)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Николаевич Калинин</p><p>Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49, 420101, Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Nikolaevich Kalinin</p><p>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty for Postgraduate Training and Professional Retraining of SpecialistsKazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>149, Butlerov St., Kazan 420012, </p><p>12a, Karbyshev St., Kazan 420101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ninilak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49, 420101, Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty for Postgraduate Training and Professional Retraining of SpecialistsKazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>149, Butlerov St., Kazan 420012, </p><p>12a, Karbyshev St., Kazan 420101 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибатуллин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibatullin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49, 420101, Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty for Postgraduate Training and Professional Retraining of SpecialistsKazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>149, Butlerov St., Kazan 420012, </p><p>12a, Karbyshev St., Kazan 420101 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России;&#13;
ГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико-диагностический центр» Минздрава Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kalinin M.N., Khasanova D.R., Ibatullin M.M., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинин М.Н., Хасанова Д.Р., Ибатуллин М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinin M.N., Khasanova D.R., Ibatullin M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1094">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1094</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to assess the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), by taking into account an appropriate scale (the hemorrhagic transformation index (HTI)) to clarify the possible timing of anticoagulant therapy (AT) initiation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke (IS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bed.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The admission data of 304 consecutively selected patients (111 men and 193 women aged 32 to 94 years (mean age, 72.7 years) with any form of AF and IS in the MCA basin were analyzed. The end point of the study was any HT according to brain computed tomography findings in the first 2 weeks after the development of IS. The HTI scores were divided into categories based on their predicted HT probabilities, thus yielding four models. Their comparison with the standard (the Diener rule) and the choice of the most appropriate model were done using the binary logistic regression and appropriate analysis (receiver operating characteristic, ROC). The final HTI model and the Diener rule were further used in the Royston–Parmar survival analysis to predict the risk of HT by days after the onset of IS. This was used to plot hazard function and survival, as well as the number of patients to be treated (number needed to treat, NNT) and the number of patients who can be harmed (number needed to harm, NNH). Possible periods for AT initiation were determined by the NNT and NNH plots.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. All the HTI models under study were superior to the Diener's rule in the accuracy of HT prediction. However, the HTI model with 0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–8 score arrangements was found to be the best one, as shown by the results of tests; it could additionally identify patients at very high (&gt;0.8) risk for HT and somewhat better differentiate patients at low (0.05–0.1) risk. A survival analysis showed that the hazard function peaked on 1 and 3 days after the onset of IS. There was a progressive NNT drop in patients with a HTI score of 0–1 on 1 to 3 days; their curves reached a plateau on day 4. In patients with a HTI score of 2–3, NNT declined on days 1 to 4, with a plateau on day 5. In those with a HTI score of 4–5, NNH was minimal within the first 3 days following the onset of IS, and then there was a significant NNH rise until the end of the second week. In patients with a HTI score of 6–8, NNH remained very low throughout the follow-up period with a significant increase on days 4 to 9, with a subsequent exit to the plateau.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The greatest risk of HT is observed on 1 and 3 days after the onset of IS. AT is recommended to patients with a HTI score of 0–1 on day 4 after the onset of IS, to those with a HTI score of 2–3 on day 5, and to those with a HTI score of 4–5 following 2 weeks. AT may be initiated in patients at very high risk for HT (a HTI score of 6–8) on 9 days, provided that HT is absent.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования – оценка риска геморрагической трансформации (ГТ) с учетом соответствующей шкалы (Hemorrhagic Transformation Index, HTI) для уточнения возможных сроков начала антикоагулянтной терапии (АТ) у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и ишемическим инсультом (ИИ) в бассейне средней мозговой артерии (СМА).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Проанализированы данные при поступлении 304 последовательно отобранных пациентов (111 мужчин и 193 женщин в возрасте от 32 до 94 лет, средний возраст 72,7 года) с любой формой ФП и ИИ в бассейне СМА. Конечная точка исследования – любая ГТ по данным компьютерной томографии головного мозга в первые 2 нед после развития ИИ. Баллы шкалы HTI были распределены на близкие по вероятности ГТ категории, в результате чего было получено четыре модели. Их сравнение с эталоном (правило Динера) и выбор наиболее подходящей модели проводили с помощью бинарной логистической регрессии и соответствующего анализа (receiver operating characteristic, ROC). Окончательная модель HTI и правило Динера использовались далее в анализе выживаемости по Ройстону–Пармару для прогнозирования риска ГТ по дням после начала ИИ. На его основе строились графики функции риска и выживания, а также числа больных, которых необходимо лечить (number needed to treat, NNT) и числа больных, которым можно навредить (number needed to harm, NNH). Возможные сроки АТ определяли по графикам NNT и NNH.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Все изученные модели превосходили правило Динера по точности прогноза ГТ. Однако модель с распределением баллов HTI 0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–8 оказалась наилучшей по результатам тестов, причем она позволяла дополнительно выделять группу пациентов с очень высокой (&gt;0,8) вероятностью ГТ и несколько лучше дифференцировать больных с низким (0,05–0,1) риском. В анализе выживаемости функция риска имела пики в 1-й и на 3-й день после начала ИИ. С 1-го по 3-й день после развития ИИ происходило прогрессивное снижение NNT у пациентов с HTI 0–1, а с 4-го дня их кривые приобретали вид плато. У пациентов с HTI 2–3 с 1-го по 4-й день NNT снижалось, переходя в плато с 5-го дня. У пациентов с HTI 4–6 NNH было минимальным в первые 3 дня после начала ИИ, а затем значительно возрастало вплоть до конца 2-й недели. У пациентов с HTI 6–8 NNH оставалось очень низким на протяжении всего периода наблюдения, с незначительным повышением с 4-го по 9-й день и последующим выходом на плато.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наибольший риск ГТ наблюдается в 1-й и на 3-й дни после начала ИИ. Пациентам с HTI 0–1 рекомендуется назначение АТ на 4-й день после начала ИИ, c HTI 2–3 – на 5-й день, с HTI 4–5 – через 2 нед. У больных с очень высоким риском ГТ (HTI 6–8) можно начинать АТ с 9-го дня при условии отсутствия ГТ.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>геморрагическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>анализ выживаемости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic transformation</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>survival analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016 Oct 7;37(38): 2893-2962. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210. 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