nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-96-102nnp-1053Research ArticleREVIEWSОБЗОРЫThe modern concept of cognitive reserveСовременная концепция когнитивного резерваКоберскаяН. Н.KoberskayaN. N.

Надежда Николаевна Коберская

Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1

Nadezhda Nikolaevna Koberskaya

Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, Faculty of General Medicine

11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021

koberskaya_n_n@mail.ruТабееваГ. Р.TabeevaG. R.

Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1

Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, Faculty of General Medicine

11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Минздрава РоссииРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation20190603201911196102Copyright © Koberskaya N.N., Tabeeva G.R., 20192019Коберская Н.Н., Табеева Г.Р.Koberskaya N.N., Tabeeva G.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/1053

The main forms of cognitive impairment (CI) are characterized by a significant variability in the relationship between morphological changes and clinical manifestations. One of the promising concepts, which explains these features, is a modern model of cognitive reserve. The cognitive reserve concept that is most widely used in the context of dementia is often employed to explain the mechanisms, by which the functional systems of the brain resist neuropathological changes. The mechanisms that ensure cognitive reserve function in the health and disease of the brain are to activate its neuronal connections. Therefore, individuals with more efficient neuronal connections and an ability to form alternative neural networks and, accordingly, to create cognitive strategies in response to increased cognitive load are characterized by greater cognitive reserve. The modern concept of cognitive reserve opens up prospects for explaining the causes and mechanisms of development of CI and also justifies the possibilities of using alternative strategies for their correction.

Основные формы когнитивных нарушений (КН) характеризуются значительной вариабельностью связи морфологических изменений и клинических проявлений. Одной из перспективных концепций, объясняющей эти особенности, является современная модель когнитивного резерва. Понятие когнитивного резерва, наиболее широко применяемое в контексте деменции, часто используется для объяснения механизмов устойчивости функциональных систем мозга к развитию невропатологических изменений. Механизмы, обеспечивающие функционирование когнитивного резерва в норме и при патологии мозга, заключаются в активации нейрональных связей мозга. Поэтому лица с более высокой эффективностью нейрональных связей и способностью к образованию альтернативных нейрональных сетей и, соответственно, к формированию когнитивных стратегий в ответ на повышение когнитивной нагрузки характеризуются более высоким уровнем когнитивного резерва. Современная концепция когнитивного резерва открывает перспективы для объяснения причин и механизмов развития КН, а также обосновывает возможности использования альтернативных стратегий их коррекции.

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